Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in humans and cattle in The Netherlands

Wielinga, Peter R.; Vries, Ankje de; Goot, Tjeerd H. van der; Mank, T. G.; Mars, M.H.; Kortbeek, L. M.; Giessen, J.W.B. van der

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.014

Cited by 162 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…Like earlier observations in the UK and New Zealand, C. hominis was more prevalent in autumn, and C. parvum was more prevalent in spring in some more recent studies conducted in Canada, Ireland and the Netherlands (Wielinga et al 2008;Zintl et al 2009;Budu-Amoako et al 2012b). In the Netherlands, C. hominis was more commonly found in children and C. parvum more in adults (Wielinga et al 2008).…”

Section: R Y P T O S P O R I D I U M S P E C I E S I N H U M a N Ssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

2014

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S U M M A R YCryptosporidium is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of moderate to severe diarrhoea in developing countries. With treatment options limited, control relies on knowledge of the biology and transmission of the members of the genus responsible for disease. Currently, 26 species are recognized as valid on the basis of morphological, biological and molecular data. Of the nearly 20 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been reported in humans, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for the majority of infections. Livestock, particularly cattle, are one of the most important reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Domesticated and wild animals can each be infected with several Cryptosporidium species or genotypes that have only a narrow host range and therefore have no major public health significance. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques will significantly improve our understanding of the taxonomy and transmission of Cryptosporidium species, and the investigation of outbreaks and monitoring of emerging and virulent subtypes. Important research gaps remain including a lack of subtyping tools for many Cryptosporidium species of public and veterinary health importance, and poor understanding of the genetic determinants of host specificity of Cryptosporidium species and impact of climate change on the transmission of Cryptosporidium.

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Section: R Y P T O S P O R I D I U M S P E C I E S I N H U M a N Ssupporting

confidence: 76%

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

2014

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“…C. parvum is the most common in the Middle East, and the prevalence varies between countries and regions. C. hominis has been reported to be more prevalent in Netherlands (12) and Egypt (14), whereas C. parvum in Ireland (24), Ethiopia (13) and Iran (25). The prevalence of the species reported here is similar to that in the UK (9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Human cryptosporidiosis caused by C. parvum mainly occurs in rural areas (12) and detection of the agent in persons with animal contact (10) refers to the zoonotic transmission (13,14). In the present study, C. parvum cases outnumbered C. hominis cases, suggesting a zoonotic transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…C. hominis, which is associated with a longer duration of symptoms and oocyst shedding, leads to more severe clinical features in humans rather than C. parvum. Additionally, C. hominis infections have been reported to be seen in children, while C. parvum affects adults (12,31,32). It has also been presented that clinical and pathological characteristics can vary depending on the subtypes of the agent, and some C. hominis subtypes, such as subtype Ib identified by GP60 sequence, may cause severe diarrhea accompanied by vomiting and malaise (3,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptosporidiosis in Humans with Reference to the First Case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey

Yilmazer¹,

Kucuk²,

Akyıldız³

et al. 2017

Haseki

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Aim:Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonosis. Microscopic examinations may fail due to indistinctive morphological peculiarities of causative species. Hence, molecular diagnostics has become more important.Methods: Stool samples from 150 patients were examined using carbol-fuchsin stain to determine Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Combined nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for establishing different species in positive samples. The samples were also screened for other parasites by wet-mount and zinc sulfate flotation methods.Results: Microscopic examinations and molecular techniques revealed 0.67% (1/150) and 8.93% (5/56) positivity, respectively. Nested PCR-RFLP enabled the detection of Cryptosporidium hominis (C. hominis) in one sample, while Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in four samples. With this study, C. hominis was reported from humans for the first time in Turkey. Among infected ones, three of which were children, four patients excreted C. parvum oocysts had gastroenteritis, and a patient positive for C. hominis had gastroenteritis accompanied by nausea and vomiting. No Giardia spp. and Entamoeba spp. were detected in all infected individuals. Conclusion:C. parvum cases outnumbered C. hominis cases, suggesting a zoonotic transmission although infected individuals were living in an urban area where animal husbandry was not allowed. However, water-borne pathogen contamination in the city's water supply is considered a factor for transmission.Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis, human, Turkey, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism Amaç: Cryptosporidiosis dünya çapında bir zoonozdur. Mikroskopik muayene, etken türlerin belirgin olmayan morfolojik özellikleri nedeniyle başarısız olabilir. Bu nedenle moleküler tanı daha da önem kazanmıştır.Yöntemler: Cryptosporidium spp. oosistlerini belirlemek için 150 hastanın dışkı örnekleri karbol-fuksin boya kullanılarak incelendi. Pozitif örneklerde farklı türlerin belirlenmesi için nested polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-restriksiyon parça uzunluk polimorfizmi (PZR-RPUP) kullanıldı. Örnekler, diğer parazitler için yaş preparasyon ve çinko sülfat flotasyonu yöntemleriyle de araştırıldı. Bulgular:Mikroskobik muayene ve moleküler yöntemlerle sırasıyla %0,67 (1/150) ve %8,93 (5/56) pozitiflik saptandı. Nested PZR-RPUP bir örnekte Cryptosporidium hominis'in (C. hominis), dört örnekte ise Cryptosporidium parvum'un (C. parvum) saptanmasına olanak verdi. Bu çalışma ile C. hominis Türkiye'de ilk kez insanlarda bildirildi. Enfekte olanlar arasında üçü çocuktu, dışkısında C. parvum oosistleri görülen dört hastada gastroenterit, C. hominis pozitif olan bir hastada ise mide bulantısı ve kusmanın eşlik ettiği gastroenterit vardı. Enfekte kişilerin hiçbirinde Giardia spp. ve Entamoeba spp. saptanmadı. Sonuç: C. parvum olgularının C. hominis olgularından fazla olması, enfekte kişilerin hayvancılık yapılmasına izin verilmeyen kentsel alanda yaşamasına rağmen, bir zoonotik bulaşma olduğ...

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“…To date, no subtypes from the 328 IId family have been identified in any animals in Australia. In the Netherlands, the IId subtype 329 family, including the IIdA15G1 subtype, was only identified in humans and not in farm 330 animals (Wielinga et al, 2008). More genotyping studies need to be carried out in order to 331 understand and assess the transmission route for this subtype.…”

Section: Iba10g2 Subtype (Ng Et Al 2010) 269mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal multi-locus molecular characterisation of sporadic Australian human clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2005 to 2008

MacKenzie

Ryan

2010

Experimental Parasitology

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in humans and cattle in The Netherlands

Cited by 162 publications

References 47 publications

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

Cryptosporidiosis in Humans with Reference to the First Case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey

Longitudinal multi-locus molecular characterisation of sporadic Australian human clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2005 to 2008

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