Molecular Epidemiology of Echoviruses 11 and 13, Based on an Environmental Surveillance Conducted in Toyama Prefecture, 2002-2003

Abstract

Nineteen echovirus 11 (E11) and 12 E13 isolates were isolated from three rivers in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, during an environmental surveillance conducted from April 2002 to March 2003. The nucleotide sequences of E13 isolates were closely related to those from patients with aseptic meningitis, with less than 1.3% divergence in the VP1 region of the viral capsid gene, and belonged to the same clade responsible for a worldwide outbreak that started in 2000. In contrast, E11 isolates were clustered into three genomic groups and were not closely related to echovirus strains isolated from patients. These results suggest that the combination of both virus isolation from environmental sources and phylogenetic analysis could be complementary assessment approaches to trace prevalent and minor circulating enteroviruses in the human population.

Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Sewage Water around the Introduction Period for Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japan

“…The samples were concentrated as described previously (14,22,23). In brief, the collected wastewater was centrifuged at 1,500 ϫ g (30 min at 4°C).…”

The Thiazolobenzimidazole TBZE-029 Inhibits Enterovirus Replication by Targeting a Short Region Immediately Downstream from Motif C in the Nonstructural Protein 2C

“…Among the species in the enterovirus genus are the coxsackieviruses, which have been reported to be associated with various clinical manifestations, including myocarditis, pancreatitis, meningitis, and encephalitis. Other clinically relevant enteroviruses are poliovirus, which can cause paralytic poliomyelitis, and echovirus, causing aseptic meningitis or encephalomyelitis (33,36,43). Rhinoviruses are the main pathogens associated with the common cold, and, although usually mild and self-limiting, rhinovirus infections have an enormous socioeconomical impact (47,59).…”

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