Molecular Epidemiology of Foodborne Hepatitis A Outbreaks in the United States, 2003

Amon, Joseph J; Devasia, Rose; Xia, Guoliang; Nainan, Omana V.; Hall, Stephanie; Lawson, Brian M.; Wolthuis, Julie S.; MacDonald, Pia D. M.; Shepard, Colin W.; Williams, Ian T.; Armstrong, Gregory L.; Gabel, Julie; Erwin, Paul Campbell; Sheeler, Lorinda; Kuhnert, Wendi L.; Patel, Priti R.; Vaughan, Gilberto; Weltman, André; Bell, Beth P.; Fiore, Anthony E.

doi:10.1086/462425

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, isolates from North America, South America, Europe, and Middle East tended to cluster together. Phylogenetic analysis also showed distinct clusters of HAV isolates within subgenotype IA and defined three major "clusters," i.e., US-IA 1 , US-IA 2 , and US-IA 3 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Methods Of Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…HAV transmission has been associated with contaminated food and water (63,112,175,263). Outbreaks associated with consumption of mussels (70), clams (18, 100), contaminated lettuce (204), ice slush beverages, raw oysters (67), frozen strawberries (112,175), blueberries (27), raspberries (195,197), green onions (3,63,260), and other salad items (108,153,179) have been reported. The potential for extensive disease transmission is illustrated by the largest recorded hepatitis A outbreak, which occurred from consumption of sewagecontaminated clams and caused illness in 300,000 persons in Shanghai, China (263), and by outbreaks that extended to multiple states in the United States through widespread distribution of HAV-contaminated food (3,112,260).…”

Section: Modes Of Transmission and Sources Of Hav Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The close or identical genetic relatedness of isolates from cases in different locales has provided the link to what previously would have been considered sporadic, yet independent, outbreaks. In addition, the availability of a large and ever-growing database of HAV sequences has allowed the identification of the geographic source of virus contamination (3,112,260). Recognition that geographically separated outbreaks may be linked by a food source and identification of the potential geographic origin of the contamination have accelerated the public health response to these outbreaks.…”

Section: Applications Of Molecular Epidemiologic Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus Infection: a Molecular Approach

et al. 2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Current serologic tests provide the foundation for diagnosis of hepatitis A and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Recent advances in methods to identify and characterize nucleic acid markers of viral infections have provided the foundation for the field of molecular epidemiology and increased our knowledge of the molecular biology and epidemiology of HAV. Although HAV is primarily shed in feces, there is a strong viremic phase during infection which has allowed easy access to virus isolates and the use of molecular markers to determine their genetic relatedness. Molecular epidemiologic studies have provided new information on the types and extent of HAV infection and transmission in the United States. In addition, these new diagnostic methods have provided tools for the rapid detection of food-borne HAV transmission and identification of the potential source of the food contamination.

show abstract

Section: Methods Of Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Modes Of Transmission and Sources Of Hav Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Molecular Epidemiologic Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus Infection: a Molecular Approach

et al. 2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vegetables, including different types of salads and green onions, have also been associated with viral hepatitis and gastroenteritis (3,12,20,35,42). Recently, a hepatitis A outbreak caused by the ingestion of contaminated green onions resulted in three deaths among a total of 601 cases (53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedure for Rapid Concentration and Detection of Enteric Viruses from Berries and Vegetables

Butot

Putallaz

Sánchez

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus (NV) outbreaks due to consumption of berries and vegetables have been reported during recent years. To facilitate the detection of enteric viruses that may be present on different fresh and frozen products, we developed a rapid and sensitive detection method for HAV, NV, and rotavirus (RV). Initial experiments focused on optimizing the composition of the elution buffer, improving the viral concentration method, and evaluating the performance of various extraction kits. Viruses were extracted from the food surface by a direct elution method in a glycine-Tris (pH 9.5) buffer containing 1% beef extract and concentrated by ultrafiltration. Occasionally, PCR inhibitors were present in the processed berry samples, which gave relatively poor detection limits. However, this problem was overcome by adding a pectinase treatment in the protocol, which markedly improved the sensitivity of the method. After optimization, this concentration method was applied in combination with real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using specific primers in various types of berries and vegetables. The average detection limits were 1 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ), 54 RT-PCR units, and 0.02 TCID 50 per 15 g of food for HAV, NV, and RV, respectively. Based on our results, it is concluded that this procedure is suitable to detect and quantify enteric viruses within 6 h and can be applied for surveillance of enteric viruses in fresh and frozen products.

show abstract

“…Epidemiological evidence (supported by identical molecular sequences among the cases) has implicated a variety of foods in outbreaks, for example, green onions, semi-dried tomatoes, blueberries and frozen strawberries [5,[7][8][9][10][11]. Laboratory confirmation of HAV contamination of vegetables and fruit is rare, in part due to low viral loads in many foods [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A outbreak in British Columbia, Canada: the roles of established surveillance, consumer loyalty cards and collaboration, February to May 2012

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-travel-related hepatitis A is rare in Canada. We describe a hepatitis A outbreak investigation in British Columbia in February to May 2012 in which exposure history was collected from nine confirmed non-travel-related cases. Suspected foods were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV): a frozen fruit blend was identified as a common exposure for six of the nine cases using supermarket loyalty cards. Consumption of the product was confirmed in each case. Genetic analysis confirmed HAV genotype 1B in the six exposed cases. Of the three non-exposed cases, the virus could not be genotyped for two of them; the virus from the other case was found to be genotype 1A and this case was therefore not considered part of the outbreak. HAV was detected by PCR from pomegranate seeds, a component of the identified frozen fruit blend. Historically low levels of HAV infection in British Columbia triggered early recognition of the outbreak. Loyalty card histories facilitated product identification and a trace-back investigation implicated imported pomegranate seeds.

show abstract

Molecular Epidemiology of Foodborne Hepatitis A Outbreaks in the United States, 2003

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus Infection: a Molecular Approach

Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus Infection: a Molecular Approach

Procedure for Rapid Concentration and Detection of Enteric Viruses from Berries and Vegetables

Hepatitis A outbreak in British Columbia, Canada: the roles of established surveillance, consumer loyalty cards and collaboration, February to May 2012

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About