Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran

Faghihloo, Ebrahim; Rezaie, Farshid; Salimi, Vahid; Naseri, Maryam; Mamishi, S; Mahmoodi, Mahmood; Mokhtari‐Azad, Talat

doi:10.4149/av_2011_01_81

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Jansen et al [39] described a significant efficiency of nasal swabs compared to throat swabs for RSV detection among different sample types. The sample types collected from patients in studies included in our survey included nasopharyngeal swabs (42.8%), nasopharyngeal aspirate (14.3%), both nasopharyngeal swabs and aspirates (9.5%), throat swabs (19%), serum (4.8%), plasma (4.8%); 4.8% of studies did not provide this information (Table 1) [13,24,25,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Consequently, proper sampling and standard techniques are highly recommended to avoid underestimating RSV-associated disease burden due to low-quality specimens [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(4) No data were available on the timing of disease onset. Despite these limitations, our study is the first and complete review on RSV epidemiology in Iran covering research over the last 17 years [13,24,25,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the current studies, only three provided information about RSV genotypes using nested RT-PCR and partial G protein sequencing. [27], and GA1, GA2, and BA during the same season in 2009 [28]. In 2014, the same group identified GA1, GA2, and BA genotypes from 2009 to 2013 [13].…”

Section: Distribution Of Rsv Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Salimi

Tavakoli-Yaraki

Yavarian

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and is associated with a great burden on patients, parents, and society. While no treatment is yet available, results from recent phase 2 clinical trials of cell-entry inhibitors and RSV vaccines are promising. To prepare for introduction of these novel therapeutics, good understanding of its molecular epidemiology and continuous RSV surveillance data are necessary. This paper provides an overview of RSV prevalence and genotype distribution in Iran from 1996 to 2013. This meta-analysis includes 21 published studies. In total, 775 (18.7%) of 4140 respiratory specimens were positive for RSV infection. The male-female ratio of RSV-positive patients was 1.5:1. Significant peaks of RSV infection were detected during the cold season (November-March). RSV infection was mainly observed in patients <2 years of age. Phylogenetic studies showed that genotypes GA1, GA2, GA5, and BA co-circulated in Iran in 2007-2013. This review highlights the necessity of introducing standard molecular surveillance programs to inform the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of various RSV genotypes. Improved understanding of the molecular epidemiology will be useful for development of novel RSV therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Salimi

Tavakoli-Yaraki

Yavarian

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the single most important virus leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in children, being responsible for approximately 200,000 deaths per year worldwide . RSV‐induced cellular oxidative stress in the airways during the course of infection plays important roles in the enhancement of lung inflammation and clinical disease .…”

Section: Nrf2 In Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Nrf2 transcription factor in viral infection

Ramezani

Nahad

Faghihloo

2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major regulator of intracellular inducible defense systems against harmful endogenous and exogenous substances in the body. Under normal conditions Nrf2 is mainly binds to keap1 and located in the cytoplasm. However, in response to oxidative and electrophile stress, Nrf2 translocated to the nucleus and link to anti-oxidant response elements to induce the transcription of cytoprotective genes. Most viruses cause oxidative stress and increase the activity of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequently, the cellular protection system activates the Nrf2 and increases the expression of cytoprotective genes. However, in some cases, the activation of Nrf2 is not ROS-dependent, and is carried out directly via the ROS-independent pathway. Many viruses cause the activation of Nrf2, which is involved in the pathogenesis and the progression of the virus infection and even in its chronic form. However, some viruses inhibit the activation of Nrf2, in which case the virus also benefits of this mechanism to maintain the homeostasis of the cell. However, the challenge between the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway of and viral infections is unknown in some cases, and in order to know more details in this regard, a more detailed seems necessary.

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“…About 66,000 to 199,000 children younger than 5 years died of HRSV associated acute lower respiratory tract infection in 2005, of which 99% occurred in developing countries (17). In Iran, HRSV is responsible for 20% acute respiratory infection in younger children (18)(19)(20). Infection by this virus is considered as one of the most important causes of seasonal respiratory complications in adults (2).…”

Section: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Hrsv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Respiratory Infections in Patients with Cancer

Arjeyni

Goudarzi

Eslami

et al. 2017

Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Context: Cancers are among the gravest causes of the intensive immunodeficiency and provide favorable conditions for severe respiratory tract infections. Evidence Acquisition: Using various keywords related to the subject matter, articles were analyzed in PubMed and appropriately selected for review. Results: In patients with cancer, some viral respiratory infections such as HRSV, Influenza virus, HCMV, HMPV and HPIV are prevalent. Conclusions: Viral respiratory infections in cancer patients are common and can worsen the patients' condition and disrupt the treatment process. Therefore, prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections in cancer patients is important.

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Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

The role of Nrf2 transcription factor in viral infection

Viral Respiratory Infections in Patients with Cancer

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