Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iran using spoligotyping

Abstract

Spoligotyping can help assess the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We aimed to study the genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with tuberculosis from the west of Iran by spoligotyping. Forty-seven M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from the west of Iran. All samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. Bacterial isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis using standard biochemical tests. Drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid were determined, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated. After DNA extraction, spoligotyping was performed. We found new spoligotypes 4162 and 4163, which correlated with atypical lineage. Atypical and unknown lineages also had correlations with the MDR tuberculosis rate (4%). The most prevalent spoligointernational types were orphan (34%), 2669 (23.4%) and 127 (14.8%) types. The most prevalent clades were Ural-2 (NEW-1) (25.53%) and atypical (23.40%) lineages. The predominant clade was Ural-2 (NEW-1) and an atypical lineage restricted to Iran. The rate of MDR was low. Knowledge of the circulating isolates in the west of Iran will help implement control programmes, so knowledge of the dynamic transmission of local isolates is crucial.

Tuberculosis in Poland: Epidemiological and Molecular Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Orphan spoligotypes represent patterns and were identified for the first time in a group of Polish patients in this study. These may indicate recent and/or sporadic TB transmission in the study area [ 12 , 25 ]. The SITVIT2 database shows that this origin is more common among susceptible strains than drug-resistant strains in Poland.…”

“…Large-scale migration from countries with high TB incidence rates can lead to unexpected changes in epidemiological indicators through the transmission of MTBC strains not previously recorded in the population. Therefore, it seems that the molecular identification of circulating clades is extremely important in controlling the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis worldwide [ 12 ].…”

“…The amplified products were then hybridised to a membrane pre-coated with spacer oligonucleotides that characterise the spacer region of the identified sequence. After incubation with streptavidin-peroxidase and enhanced chemiluminescence detection, the presence of spacers was visualised on X-ray films as black squares [ 11 , 12 ]. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used as a positive control.…”

Genetic Diversity Assessment of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates of Patients with Tuberculosis in Karaj, Iran

“…The molecular epidemiology of M. tuberculosis was assessed in different parts of Iran [21][22][23]. Similarly, the molecular epidemiology of M. tuberculosis was assessed in other countries, including United States [24], Poland [25], Belgium [26], China [27], Brazil [28], Africa [29], India [30], Saudi Arabia [31], and Russia [32].…”