Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Turkey

Durmaz, Rıza; Günal, Selamı; Yang, Zhenhua; Özerol, İbrahim Halil; Cave, M. Donald

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00654.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Interestingly, very different data were obtained from Khorasan Province, where 38% of the isolates showed low or no copies of IS6110 (Farnia et al 2001). The percentage of isolates containing low copy number of IS6110 in East Azerbaijan is lower than that observed in regions such as Malaysia (Dale et al 1999), India (Narayanan et al 2002), and Turkey (Durmaz et al 2003). These finding indicate that IS6110-RFLP typing can be used without additional typing markers for this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East Azerbaijan Province of Iran

Asgharzadeh

Shahbabian

Majidi

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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To investigate the genetic variation among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran and to evaluate the level of and risk factors for recent transmission of tuberculosis (TB),Key words: tuberculosis -restriction fragment length polymorphism -IS6110 -Iran DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a valuable tool to study tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology. Many other studies on this methodology have been done in various parts of the world including developed and developing countries (Pineda-Garcia et al. 1997, Gutierrez et al. 1998, Dahle et al. 2001, Diaz et al. 2001, Bhanu et al 2002. The method of fingerprinting based on IS6110 repetitive element has become standard (Hermans et al. 1990, Van Embden et al. 1993) and its stability (Niemann et al. 2000, Warren et al. 2002 and discriminatory power have been proven (Kremer et al. 1999).The usefulness of DNA fingerprinting has already been defined in source tracing (Kiers et al. 1997) and understanding of TB transmission in the general population (Alland et al. 1994). Fingerprinting results from various parts of the world demonstrate that in areas with low incidence of TB, the majority of cases are due to reactivation of previous infection whereas in high incidence areas reinfection is responsible for the majority of TB cases (Alland et al. 1994, Dahle et al. 2001) but there are some exceptions (Bauer et al. 1998, Narayanan et al. 2002.The East Azerbaijan Province is located in the North West of Iran, in neighbor-hood of Nakhichevan state of Republic of Azerbaijan (Fig. 1A). The estimated population of the Province is 3,500,000 of which about two-fifth are inhabitants of Tabriz, the capital city of the Province. The estimated rate of TB in Iran in 2002 was 29 in 100,000 and notification rate is 17 in 100,000 (WHO 2004). However, TB incidence is not homogeneous in different parts of this country. In East Azerbaijan Province the estimated rate of TB in 2002 was low; this can be due both to low case finding or low prevalence of TB in this part of the country.The aims of this study were to determine the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis population in East Azerbaijan Province, and to detect the manner of transmission of the disease in this area. The species identification of the isolates was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and standard microbiological tests. The susceptibilities of the isolates to isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RF), streptomycin (SM), and ethambutol (ETB) were determined by the proportional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient population and bacterial isolatesRestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis -RFLP analysis was performed as described previously (Van Soolingen et al. 1994). Briefly, extracted mycobacterial DNA was digested with PvuII, subjected to electrophoresis, and hybridized with a 245-bp PCR-amplified probe directed against the right arm of IS6110. After hybridization, the insertion sequences were visualized with a colorimetric system, the DIG DNA labeling and detection kit (Roc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East Azerbaijan Province of Iran

Asgharzadeh

Shahbabian

Majidi

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…21,22 Consequently, since the accuracy of current molecular diagnostic tests to identify MDRTB are based on worldwide polymorphisms frequencies, performance indicators for these diagnostic approaches in a country-by-country basis may be controversial. For example, the S315T (katG) polymorphism shows a wide variation in their incidence: although it was detected in a 100% of resistant strains in countries such as Turkey, Canada, and France, [23][24][25] in our study we found a lower frequency of 41.9%, more similar to those obtained in another study in Brazil (60%) and in places such as Russia (77%), Syria (40%) or Taiwan (51%). 13,[26][27][28] Likewise, the −15C/T (inhA) polymorphism, described as the one most frequent globally for the inhA gene promoter, 5,29 has an observed frequency varying between 15% in China 30 to 32% in Syria, 13 and 25.6% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Brazil using a multimarker genetic assay for katG and rpoB genes

Oliveira

Muniz-Sobrinho

Magno

et al. 2016

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a serious world health problem that limits public actions to control tuberculosis, because the most used anti-tuberculosis first-line drugs fail to stop mycobacterium spread. Consequently, a quick detection through molecular diagnosis is essential to reduce morbidity and medical costs. Despite the availability of several molecular-based commercial-kits to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, their diagnostic value might diverge worldwide since Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic variability differs according to geographic location. Here, we studied the predictive value of four common mycobacterial mutations in strains isolated from endemic areas of Brazil. Mutations were found at the frequency of 41.9% for katG, 25.6% for inhA, and 69.8% for rpoB genes in multidrug-resistant strains. Multimarker analysis revealed that combination of only two mutations ("katG/S315T+rpoB/S531L") was a better surrogate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than single-marker analysis (86% sensitivity vs. 62.8%). Prediction of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was not improved by adding a third or fourth mutation in the model. Therefore, rather than using diagnostic kits detecting several mutations, we propose a simple dual-marker panel to detect multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In conclusion, this approach (previous genetic study+analysis of only prevalent markers) would considerably decrease the processing costs while retaining diagnostic accuracy.

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“…The method of spoligotyping is based on the DNA sequence amplification of the highly polymorphic DR locus in the chromosomes of M. tuberculosis complex strains, and 43 clinical samples can be studied in one go (6,27). In our study, 13 different genetic profiles were obtained in 55 M. tuberculosis isolates with spoligotyping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Molecular epidemiology helps to monitor the distributions in the community of those isolates that are considered more virulent (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of genotypic varieties and genotyping of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis by the RFLP and spoligotyping methods

2016

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IntroductionAlthough tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases in history, it is still a serious public health problem. Tuberculosis ranks first (25%) among the causes of preventable mortality worldwide (1). Today there are more than 100 species of mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) in the genus Mycobacterium besides the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti, and M. africanum). Identification of the mycobacteria produced with various methods is an essential stage in the diagnosis of infection. The rapid and accurate identification of mycobacteria will allow both taking measures against transmission and determining appropriate treatment alternatives. Depending on the increase in immune-suppressed cases and the developments in diagnostic techniques, an increasing number, and more and more species, of MOTT bacteria are isolated as disease agents every passing day (2). Since conventional methods take a long time, molecular methods were put into use as supplementary methods for quick diagnosis (3). Background/aim:The purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution and epidemiological features of mycobacteria with molecular methods.Materials and methods: Fifty-five culture-positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at species level, and their molecular typing was performed with spoligotyping. The IS6110 region and the locus of gene coding for Hsp65 were amplified. RFLP profiles were obtained by cutting the Hsp65 region with the Hae III and BstE II (Eco91I) enzymes. Spoligotyping was carried out by commercial kit. The H37Rv strain was used as the control.Results: All samples showed the same cutting pattern with the H37Rv strain. The RFLP profiles of 9 strains identified as "mycobacteria other than tuberculosis" were compatible with the M. tuberculosis complex. Spoligotyping of 55 isolates detected 13 different genetic profiles. The Beijing genotype was not detected. One isolate was described as an orphan strain according to the SpolDB4 database. The most frequently detected family was T1 with 32 strains (64%), followed by 9 isolates (18%) belonging to the LAM7 TUR family. Conclusion:PCR-RFLP is a specific, rapid, and effective method in routine diagnosis of mycobacteria. Spoligotyping is an ideal method in the determination of genotypic varieties of mycobacteria.

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Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Turkey

Abstract: Our objective was to determine the extent of fingerprint pattern diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Turkey. Of the 320 patient isolates, 81 (25.3%) carried Show more

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East Azerbaijan Province of Iran

IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East Azerbaijan Province of Iran

Detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Brazil using a multimarker genetic assay for katG and rpoB genes

Determination of genotypic varieties and genotyping of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis by the RFLP and spoligotyping methods

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