Molecular Evaluation of Kyoho Grape Leaf and Berry Characteristics Influenced by Different NPK Fertilizers

Abstract

Fertilization, a fundamental aspect of a plant’s life, has been of great concern for agricultural specialists to minimize the yield gap between actual and potential yield. Around the globe, fertilizers with different NPK ratios are being used to attain a better yield of grape. To find the suitable commercially available fertilizer for quality grape production, a 2 years (2017–2018) study was conducted for the evaluation of 10 fertilizers with different NPK ratios. Commercial fertilizers included were Zhanlan (16:16:16), Garsoni (15:15:15), Acron (16:16:16), Norway (21:7:12), Peters 1 (30:10:10), Nutrivant (14:14:30), Peters 2 (20:20:20), UMAX (15:15:15), G2 (20:20:20), and Yara (15:15:15). The fertilizer application rate was 20 g plant−1, and each was applied at L-29, L-33, and L-36 phenological stages. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, macro/micronutrients in leaf, and anthocyanin derivatives in grape peel were evaluated. Expression levels of 24 genes, including nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and anthocyanin pathways in leaf, peel, and pulp were validated by qPCR at L-29, L-33, and L-36 stages. Results indicated that Norway (21:7:12) and Peters 1 (30:10:10) increased carotenoids, chlorophylls, and anthocyanins in leaves, while Zhanlan (16:16:16) improved fruit biochemical attributes, and anthocyanin (cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, malvidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin contents). However, a better grape yield was obtained by the application of Peters 1 (30:10:10). Potassium pathway genes were upregulated by Nutrivant (14:14:30), phosphorous pathway genes by Peters 2 (20:20:20), and nitrogen pathway genes by Peters 1 (30:10:10), while Nutrivant (14:14:30) upregulated anthocyanin pathway genes and simultaneously enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in berry peels. Results of two years’ study concluded that Peters 1 (30:10:10) was proved better to increase yield, while Zhanlan (14:14:30) was superior in improving anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

“…In this study, volatile acid content decreased with the increase of irrigation water, which may be owing to the synthesis of higher concentrations of volatile acids to adapt to drought conditions during grape growth under low water conditions [35] . The TSS of grape berries increased with the increase in fertilizer application amount, which may be caused by the increase of fertilizer application rate promoting the transportation of sugar to berries, thus causing grape berry TSS to show an increasing trend [36]. As listed in Table 4, a similar increase can be found in alcohol content with the amount of fertilizer applied.…”

Enhancing fruit quality of three Physalis sp. throughout foliar nutrition

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Soil infertility is a predominant factor in minimising production in tropical regions (Fiaz et al 2021). Madura Island, Indonesia, has a high daily temperature, evaporation, salinity and a wide marginal area with low fertility.

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