Molecular Evidence to Support the Expansion of the Hostrange of Chlamydophila pneumoniae to Include Reptiles as Well as Humans, Horses, Koalas and Amphibians

Bodetti, Tracey; Jacobson, Elliott R.; Wan, Charles; Hafner, Louise M.; Pospischil, Andreas; Rose, Karrie; Timms, Peter

doi:10.1078/0723-2020-00086

Cited by 125 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is the first report of koala PBMCs being infected with a genotype of C. pneumoniae that is also found in humans. Other animals have previously been reported to harbour chlamydial infections with a genotype similar to A, including frog (Australia), turtle (USA), python (USA and Europe), puff adder (USA) and iguana (Central America) (Bodetti et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the animal infections reported, a total of four non-human genotypes of C. pneumoniae have been described (Bodetti et al, 2002;Girjes et al, 1994;Glassick et al, 1996;Storey et al, 1993;Wardrop et al, 1999). These non-human isolates all appear to have relatively minor, but potentially important, sequence differences when compared to the published human genotypes (99?2-99?4 % homology).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While C. pneumoniae has been thought of primarily as a human-specific pathogen, several studies have now shown that C. pneumoniae-like stains are also present in a range of animals, including horses (Storey et al, 1993), koalas (Bodetti & Timms, 2000;Wardrop et al, 1999), reptiles and amphibians (Berger et al, 1999;Bodetti et al, 2002;Reed et al, 2000). Of the animal infections reported, a total of four non-human genotypes of C. pneumoniae have been described (Bodetti et al, 2002;Girjes et al, 1994;Glassick et al, 1996;Storey et al, 1993;Wardrop et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rRNA gene and ompA loci (Bodetti et al, 2002). In the present study, we used PCR and genotyping of the C. pneumoniae positives from patients with CAD to test the hypothesis that infected individuals have a single genotype of C. pneumoniae present in their plaque and that this genotype is common among other CAD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

2005

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Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular respiratory pathogen that causes 10 % of community-acquired pneumonia and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Both whole-genome sequencing and specific gene typing suggest that there is relatively little genetic variation in human isolates of C. pneumoniae. To date, there has been little genomic analysis of strains from human cardiovascular sites. The genotypes of C. pneumoniae present in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque were analysed and several polymorphisms in the variable domain 4 (VD4) region of the outer-membrane protein-A (ompA) gene and the intergenic region between the ygeD and uridine kinase (ygeD-urk) genes were found. While one genotype was identified that was the same as one reported previously in humans (respiratory and cardiovascular), another genotype was found that was identical to a genotype from non-human sources (frog/koala).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

2005

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“…In the past, C. pneumoniae was assumed to infect exclusively humans, being transmitted by aerosol and causing acute and chronic respiratory disease (Saikku, 1992). Recently, C. pneumoniae was shown to have the widest hostrange of all chlamydial species including mammals as horses and marsupials (particularly koalas), but also amphibians and reptiles (Bodetti et al, 2002). In contrast to C. abortus, transmission of C. pneumoniae between animals and humans has not yet been documented.…”

Section: Salmonella Enterica Serovar Abortusovis Chlamydophila Abortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) is not a reservoir for chlamydial infections of domestic ruminants and humans

et al. 2010

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Chlamydophila (C.) abortus is the most common infectious abortigenic agent in small domestic ruminants in Switzerland. In contrast, the knowledge about chlamydiae in wild ruminants is scarce. As interactions between livestock and Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) occur on alpine pastures, the question raises if wild ruminants could play a role as carriers of chlamydiae. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of chlamydiae in Alpine ibex in Switzerland. In total, 624 sera, 676 eye swabs, 84 organ samples and 51 faecal samples from 664 ibex were investigated. Serum samples were tested by two commercial ELISA kits specific for C. abortus. Eye swabs, organs and faecal samples were examined by a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR. Positive cases were further investigated by the ArrayTube (AT) microarray method for chlamydial species determination. Of 624 serum samples investigated, 612 animals were negative, whereas nine sera (1.5%) reacted positively in one of the two tests and three sera showed an inconclusive result. Eye swabs of seven out of 412 ibex (1.7%) were tested positive for Chlamydiaceae by real-time PCR. By AT microarray, Chlamydophila pecorum was identified in two animals, Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected in one animal and a mixed infection with Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum was found in four animals. Organs and faecal samples were all negative by real-time PCR analysis. In summary, we conclude that C. abortus is not a common infectious agent in the Swiss ibex population. To our knowledge, this is the first description of C. pneumoniae in ibex. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the situation in other species of wild ruminants as chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) in Switzerland. (C.) abortus is the most common infectious abortigenic agent in small domestic ruminants in Switzerland. In contrast, the knowledge about chlamydiae in wild ruminants is scarce. As interactions between livestock and Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) occur on alpine pastures, the question raises if wild ruminants could play a role as carriers of chlamydiae. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of chlamydiae in Alpine ibex in Switzerland. In total, 624 sera, 676 eye swabs, 84 organ samples and 51 faecal samples from 664 ibex were investigated. Serum samples were tested by two commercial ELISA kits specific for C. abortus. Eye swabs, organs and faecal samples were examined by a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR. Positive cases were further investigated by the ArrayTube (AT) microarray method for chlamydial species determination. Of 624 serum samples investigated, 612 animals were negative, whereas nine sera (1.5%) reacted positively in one of the two tests and three sera showed an inconclusive result. Eye swabs of seven out of 412 ibex (1.7%) were tested positive for Chlamydiaceae by real-time PCR. By AT microarray, Chlamydophila pecorum was identified in two animals, Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected in one animal and a mixed infec...

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Chlamydiae

Everett¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Chlamydiae are bacterial species with a developmental cycle requiring replication in eukaryotic cells. They infect the cells of mammals, birds, marsupials, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects and protozoa. The most famous species, Chlamydia trachomatis , causes sexually transmitted disease in humans. Analysis of available genome sequences for these bacterial species has shown that their common ancestor lived over a billion years ago. Because of their diversity, Chlamydiae are often recognised and grouped by using rDNA PCR methods. All Chlamydiae have 16S or 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences that are at least 80% identical to the rRNA of the Chlamydiaceae family. Chlamydiae are also characterised by four unique phenotypic traits: they have an electron dense infectious form (0.2 μ m), they have a morphologically and physiologically distinct replicative form (approximately 1.0 μ m), the outer membrane has lipopolysaccharide and is structurally dependent on disulfide‐crosslinked cysteine‐rich proteins, and in host cells Chlamydiae generally are located within membrane‐bound inclusions. Key Concepts: Chlamydia was long believed to be a simple and mysterious disease. Today we know it is a tiny intracellular bacterium so unique that it is classified at the highest level: phylum Chlamydiae . Chlamydiae probably includes thousands of species. So far (since 1980) 25 chlamydial species have been described in some detail. These species are found in animals, amoebae, insects and a worm living on the bottom of the ocean. The complete genomes of 12 chlamydial species have been DNA sequenced. Genome sequencing reveals that Chlamydiae existed a billion years ago. The common ancestor of all Chlamydiae was directly related to the ancestors of plants and animals and other bacteria. All genome‐sequenced Chlamydiae have 493 genes in common – approximately one quarter to one half of each genome. Chlamydial phenotypes today display the observable effects of these genes.

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Molecular Evidence to Support the Expansion of the Hostrange of Chlamydophila pneumoniae to Include Reptiles as Well as Humans, Horses, Koalas and Amphibians

Cited by 125 publications

References 27 publications

Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

Alpine ibex (Capra i. ibex) is not a reservoir for chlamydial infections of domestic ruminants and humans

Chlamydiae

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