Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: Current state of play

Stadejek, Tomasz; Stankevičius, Arūnas; Murtaugh, Michael P.; Oleksiewicz, Martin B.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.029

Cited by 162 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…26 In Western and Central Europe, including Belgium, only subtype 1 (Lelystad viruslike) is circulating, while all subtypes are present in Eastern Europe. 26 Type 2 PRRSV has been reported sporadically in Europe, and most isolates share a high degree of identity with the modified live vaccine strain that is based on the type 2 VR2332 isolate. 15,19,26 On natural infection via the respiratory route, the virus has a specific tropism for cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Type 2 PRRSV has been reported sporadically in Europe, and most isolates share a high degree of identity with the modified live vaccine strain that is based on the type 2 VR2332 isolate. 15,19,26 On natural infection via the respiratory route, the virus has a specific tropism for cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. 7 After replication in local macrophages, the virus rapidly spreads to lungs and lymphoid organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of the Lelystad strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection

et al. 2014

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Abstract. There has been a developing interest in the use of oral fluid for the diagnosis of different pathogens such as Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies have been shown to be present in oral fluid samples, but the correlation between diagnostic results in oral fluid and serum samples has been insufficiently addressed. Studies investigating this correlation focused on boars older than 6 months and type 2 strains, but it is known that the outcome of a PRRSV infection is age and strain dependent. To address this gap, the current study reports on the detection of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies in serum and oral fluid samples collected over a 6-week period after an experimental infection of 8-week-old individually housed pigs with Lelystad virus, the type 1 prototype strain. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that significantly more serum samples were PRRSV RNApositive than oral fluid until 5 days postinfection (dpi). Between 7 and 21 dpi, PRRSV RNA detection was similar in both samples but higher detection rates in oral fluid were found from 28 dpi. Compared with existing literature, this highlights that detection rates at particular time points postinfection might vary in function of strain virulence and animal age and provides useful information for the interpretation of pen-based oral fluid results. An excellent agreement between the oral fluid and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results was observed at every time point, further supporting the usefulness of oral fluid as a diagnostic sample for antibody detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of the Lelystad strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection

et al. 2014

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“…PRRSV is characterised by a marked genetic variability and the impairment of the host immune response (Stadejek et al, 2013). Atrophy and depletion of the thymus in piglets infected with PRRSV-2 strains of different virulence have been associated with a loss of T cells in the cortex of the thymus and direct or indirect induction of apoptotic phenomena (Feng et al, 2002;He et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRRSV is divided into two distinct viruses, type 1 (formerly European; PRRSV-1) and type 2 (formerly North American; PRRSV-2), with significant genetic differences between both genotypes . Sequence analysis of different PRRSV-1 strains led to the definition of three distinct subtypes, namely pan-European subtype 1 and East European subtypes 2 and 3, and recently a fourth subtype has been proposed (Stadejek et al, 2013). Highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV strains firstly emerged in China and were classified within the PRRSV-2 genotype; these strains caused high morbidity and mortality, high fever and multifocal skin haemorrhages in pigs of all ages (Tong et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymic depletion of lymphocytes is associated with the virulence of PRRSV-1 strains

Amarilla¹,

Gómez-Laguna²,

Carrasco³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…It is even more important that the PRRSV strains identified in Lithuanian wild boars are likely genetically and antigenically different from those in Lithuanian pigs (23). Data of the investigations conducted in other countries showed that either a relatively small number of wild boar population was in contact with PRRSV, or they were serologically negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five Years Seroprevalence Study of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Lithuanian Pig and Wild Boar Populations

Stankevičius

Buitkuvienė

Deltuvytienė

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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Serological study of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs and wild boars was conducted in Lithuania between 2009 and 2013. Antibody level was measured using a commercial ELISA. The 4.32% (95% CI 3.92-4.72) out of 9856 examined porcine sera were positive for the PRRSV antibodies. The antibodies were detected in 11.82% (95% CI 10.28-13.36) of all investigated serum samples of sows and gilts. As much as 8.2% of serologically positive samples (95% CI 6.83-9.57) were determined in the piglets under three months of age. Considerably smaller (P < 0.05) seroprevalence was detected in boars (0.62%) and fattening pigs (1.84%). From 1357 examined sera of wild boar, collected between 2009 and 2013 hunting seasons, 5.38% (95% CI 4.52-8.2) of samples were positive for PRRSV antibodies in 23 locations out of 50 investigated. The analysis of seroprevalence in different age groups of wild boars showed that PRRSV antibodies were detected in all age groups; however, it was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles or subadults and reached up to 10.02% (95% CI 7.39-12.65).

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Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: Current state of play

Cited by 162 publications

References 41 publications

Diagnosis of the Lelystad strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection

Diagnosis of the Lelystad strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection

Thymic depletion of lymphocytes is associated with the virulence of PRRSV-1 strains

Five Years Seroprevalence Study of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Lithuanian Pig and Wild Boar Populations

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