Molecular evolution of the synapsin gene family

Kao, Hung‐Teh; Porton, Barbara; Hilfiker, Sabine; Stefani, Giovanni; Pieribone, Vincent A.; DeSalle, Rob; Greengard, Paul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19991215)285:4<360::aid-jez4>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 110 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, synapsin will regulate the number of vesicles accessible for exocytosis. In vertebrates, three synapsin genes have been described ( SynI/SynII/SynIII ) [69] that are alternatively spliced to render the 2–6 protein isoforms [70, 71]. Synapsins have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, such as BPD and SCZ [23], and specific mutations and polymorphisms in Syn genes cause familial epilepsy [24, 31].…”

Section: Presynaptic Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders

2017

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Synapses are complex structures that allow communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies conducted in vertebrate and invertebrate models have contributed to the knowledge of the function of synaptic proteins. The functional synapse requires numerous protein complexes with specialized functions that are regulated in space and time to allow synaptic plasticity. However, their interplay during neuronal development, learning, and memory is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence links synapse proteins to neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the way in which several proteins that participate in cell adhesion, scaffolding, exocytosis, and neurotransmitter reception from presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, mainly from excitatory synapses, have been associated with several synaptopathies, and we relate their functions to the disease phenotype.

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Section: Presynaptic Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders

2017

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“…3a). It is important to underline that, even if synapsins I and IIa have overlapping effects (as expected by the high degree of conservation of multiple synapsin genes in higher vertebrates; see [25]), their function is not completely redundant. As an example, in the case of synapsin I-injected neurons, impulse-evoked synaptic currents also trigger a strong synaptic depression [64] that is usually correlated with the selection of mature synapses competing for their targets [66,67].…”

Section: Role Of Synapsins In Neuronal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the amino-terminus (domain A), all synapsins share consensus phosphorylation sites for PKA and CaMKI/IV. The high conservation of the site across isoforms and orthologues points to the functional relevance of its phosphorylation [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of synapsins in neuronal development

Fornasiero

Bonanomi

Benfenati

et al. 2009

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

109

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The synapsins, the first identified synaptic vesicle-specific proteins, are phosphorylated on multiple sites by a number of protein kinases and are involved in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation as well as in synaptic transmission. In mammals, the synapsin family consists of at least 10 isoforms encoded by 3 distinct genes and composed by a mosaic of conserved and variable domains. The synapsins are highly conserved evolutionarily, and orthologues have been found in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. Within nerve terminals, synapsins are implicated in multiple interactions with presynaptic proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. Via these interactions, synapsins control several mechanisms important for neuronal homeostasis. In this review, we describe the main functional features of the synapsins, in relation to the complex role played by these phosphoproteins in neuronal development.

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“…Synapsins exist in all organisms with a nervous system, and in vertebrates are generally encoded by three distinct genes, synapsin I, II and III, whereby alternative splicing generates further variants containing distinct C-termini (Su¨dhof et al, 1989;Kao et al, 1998Kao et al, , 1999Hosaka and Su¨dhof, 1998) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Synapsins and Vesicle Poolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle pools and synapsins: New insights into old enigmas

Fdez

Hilfiker

2007

Brain Cell Bio

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Synapsins are a multigene family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins and comprise the most abundant synaptic vesicle proteins. They have been proposed to tether synaptic vesicles to each other to maintain a reserve pool in the vicinity of the active zone. Such a role is supported by the observation that disruption of synapsin function leads to a depletion of the reserve pool of vesicles and an increase in synaptic depression. However, other functions for synapsins have been proposed as well, and there currently exists no coherent picture of how these abundant proteins modulate synaptic transmission. Here, we discuss novel insights into how synapsins may regulate neurotransmitter release.

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Molecular evolution of the synapsin gene family

Cited by 110 publications

References 62 publications

Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders

Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders

The role of synapsins in neuronal development

Vesicle pools and synapsins: New insights into old enigmas

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