Molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectrometry

Warner, Isiah M.; McGown, Linda B.

doi:10.1021/ac00036a019

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Spectrofluorometric probe techniques provide realistic views of macromolecular media in fluid solution. [41][42][43] They are especially powerful when used in combination and enable one to develop a more complete and accurate picture. 44 Important advantages of fluorescence spectroscopy include minimal sample perturbation, high sensitivity, and subnanomolar detection limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retention of phenol blue's fluorescence emission in the presence of the PAMAM-AT dendrimers allows for a more detailed characterization of the physical properties of their interior. Spectrofluorometric probe techniques provide realistic views of macromolecular media in fluid solution. − They are especially powerful when used in combination and enable one to develop a more complete and accurate picture . Important advantages of fluorescence spectroscopy include minimal sample perturbation, high sensitivity, and subnanomolar detection limits. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic Investigations of Polyamido Amine Starburst Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue

et al. 2001

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The physical and chemical properties of PAMAM-AT dendrimers' interior were investigated using the fluorescent, solvatochromic probe phenol blue. In aqueous solutions of each generation studied except G0, two discrete dye populations were clearly observed. PAMAM-AT dendrimers were shown to form a tight, nonpolar association with the majority of available dye within the dendrimer interior, probably near its core. In the absorption and steady-state fluorescence emission spectra, a microenvironment of decreasing polarity in increasingly larger-generation PAMAM-AT dendrimers (up to G3) is seen for the associated probe. The remaining larger-generation dendrimers (G4−8) all provide a microenvironment of essentially equal polarity. Fluorescence anisotropy values for phenol blue in the PAMAM-AT dendrimers demonstrate the dye's sensitivity to the changing molecular volumes of the dendrimer generations. Model compounds that mimic PAMAM-AT's surface groups and branching moieties were used to better define the associated dye's location. The mimics further confirm that phenol blue is associated inside the dendrimer, where it does not interact with the dendrimer surface groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Investigations of Polyamido Amine Starburst Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue

et al. 2001

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“…39 Spectrofluorometric probe techniques provide realistic views of macromolecular media in fluid solution. [55][56][57] They are especially powerful when used in combination and enable one to develop a more comprehensive and accurate picture. 58,59 Important advantages of fluorescence spectroscopy include minimal sample perturbation, high sensitivity, and subnanomolar detection limits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach is to use the solvatochromic probe phenol blue (Figure ) in the same manner that we effectively probed the interior regions of amine-terminated PAMAM (PAMAM-AT) dendrimers in our previous study . Spectrofluorometric probe techniques provide realistic views of macromolecular media in fluid solution. − They are especially powerful when used in combination and enable one to develop a more comprehensive and accurate picture. , Important advantages of fluorescence spectroscopy include minimal sample perturbation, high sensitivity, and subnanomolar detection limits. , The combination of solvatochromic absorption and fluorescence behavior and relatively small size make phenol blue a good choice for this study. In contrast to previous fluorescent probe studies, , the fluorescence emission of phenol blue is not quenched by the PPI dendrimer's tertiary amine groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Investigations of Poly(Propyleneimine)Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue and Comparisons to Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimers

2001

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The physical and chemical properties of PPI dendrimers' interior were investigated using the fluorescent, solvatochromic probe phenol blue. In aqueous solutions of each generation studied, two discrete dye populations were clearly observed. PPI dendrimers were shown to form a tight, nonpolar association with the vast majority of available dye, within the dendrimer interior, near the core. In the steady-state fluorescence emission spectra, a microenvironment of decreasing polarity in increasingly larger-generation PPI dendrimers (up to G3) was seen for the associated probe. Each of the remaining larger-generation dendrimers provided a microenvironment of essentially equal polarity. Fluorescence anisotropy values for phenol blue in the PPI dendrimers demonstrated the dye's sensitivity to the changing molecular volumes of the dendrimer generations. Model compounds that mimicked PPI's surface groups and branching moieties were used to better define the associated dye's location. The mimics further confirmed that phenol blue was associated inside the dendrimer, where it did not interact with the dendrimer surface groups. The comparison of amine-terminated PPI and PAMAM dendrimers clearly demonstrated the effects of their structural differences and the ability of phenol blue to have sensed those differences, including the initiator core length, branching unit length, and branching unit chemical composition.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] Por outro lado, é possível aproveitar a versatilidade nos modos de amostragem e de softwares com mais recursos, oferecidos pelos atuais instrumentos disponíveis no mercado, com os quais podem ser avaliadas novas técnicas que antes eram difíceis de serem aplicadas, tais como a espectroscopia de fluorescência sincronizada de ângulo variável para soluções diluídas; observação da fluorescência frontal de soluções turvas; análise de amostras sólidas, géis, filmes e pulverizadas, e até adaptada para o uso de fibras ópticas [18][19][20][21][22] para amostras fluorescentes contidas em lâminas de cromatografia de camada delgada ou em placas contendo pequenas cavidades empregadas em testes imuno-enzimáticos. 8,23,24 Considerando-se a potencialidade de aplicação da espectroscopia de luminescência na área farmacêutica, este artigo visa descrever os principais avanços alcançados, nos últimos anos, na determinação de fármacos, principalmente em formulações comerciais, no intuito de demonstrar o desenvolvimento e potencial que esta metodologia apresenta.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicação e avanços da espectroscopia de luminescência em análises farmacêuticas

et al. 2008

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Recebido em 20/10/06; aceito em 30/11/07; publicado na web em 4/9/08 APPLICATION AND ADVANCES IN THE LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSES. This paper provides a review on the latest advances and applications of the luminescence spectroscopy for the development of pharmaceuticals analyses methods, basically based on the photo-and chemiluminescence. The different forms of the drugs determination on pharmaceuticals through the fluorescence and chemiluminescence are discussed. The analyses include the drugs native fluorescence (liquid and solid-phases); the fluorescence from the oxidizing or reducing forms of the drug; the fluorescence from the chemical derivatization and their photochemistry and hydrolysis reactions. The quenching of luminescence and chemiluminescence generation for the pharmaceutical quantification are also shown. Finally, the trends and future perspectives of the luminescence spectroscopy in the field of the pharmaceutical research are discussed.Keywords: luminescence spectroscopy; drugs; cosmetics analysis; introdução Devido ao progresso contínuo em técnicas e instrumentos, a indústria farmacêutica busca o emprego de metodologias que ofereçam maior sensibilidade, seletividade, robustez, precisão, exatidão e rapidez. Neste sentido, um grande número de equipamentos de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com diversos tipos de detecção domina este ramo industrial. Contudo, o advento da sofisticação de instrumentação automatizada de espectrômetros de luminescência poderá resultar em um substancial aumento de aplicações desta técnica instrumental na indústria farmacêutica, principalmente, no que se refere à análise diretamente na matriz do medicamento.A espectroscopia de luminescência é uma ferramenta analítica extremamente sensível e tem sido amplamente aplicada na resolução de problemas que requerem baixos limites de detecção, podendo ser facilmente encontrados na literatura muitos trabalhos mostrando análises ao nível de traços.1-6 A sensibilidade inerente a esta técnica é consideravelmente maior em comparação a outras metodologias, entre elas a espectrofotometria UV/visível, apresentando limites de detecção de até três ordens de grandeza menores, os quais normalmente se encontram na faixa de ng mL -1 , sendo conseqüência do baixo sinal de fundo que as medidas fluorescentes apresentam. Diferentemente do que ocorre no fenômeno da luminescência, nas medidas de absorbância o sinal está associado à atenuação da intensidade de um feixe de radiação por uma espécie absorvente. Nos casos onde a quantidade da espécie é pequena, esta atenuação é menor, tornando assim a detecção da espécie difícil. Outra característica importante da luminescência diz respeito à seletividade, porque espécies com rendimentos quânticos de fluorescência apreciáveis são menos comuns do que substâncias cuja fluorescência não pode ser detectada. Desta forma, moléculas fluorescentes apresentam comprimento de onda característico de excitação e/ou emissão. Adicionalmente, o comprimento de onda de excitação d...

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Molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectrometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Spectroscopic Investigations of Polyamido Amine Starburst Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue

Spectroscopic Investigations of Polyamido Amine Starburst Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue

Spectroscopic Investigations of Poly(Propyleneimine)Dendrimers Using the Solvatochromic Probe Phenol Blue and Comparisons to Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimers

Aplicação e avanços da espectroscopia de luminescência em análises farmacêuticas

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