Molecular Genetic Analysis of <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> Epidemiology

Zambon, Joseph J.; Sunday, G. J.; Smutko, John S.

doi:10.1902/jop.1990.61.2.75

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They found 2 genotypes in 8 patient isolates and minor differences in 7 reference strains. Recently Zambón et al 26 reported the existence of three major restrictions patterns within 124 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. In the present study 9 different patterns were obtained from 11 independent isolates of A actinomycetemcomitans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora and Bacterial DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis in Young Adults With Periodontitis

Steenbergen

Velden²,

Abbas³

et al. 1991

Journal of Periodontology

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As a result of an epidemiological survey on the periodontal status of young adults, a school was found with a relatively high number of subjects showing loss of attachment (18 out of 87). In 10 of these subjects the microflora of one pocket and of the dorsum of the tongue was investigated with special reference to black‐pigmented species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Prevotella intermedia was the most prevalent species, being found in 9 patients. A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 3 subjects and Porphyromonas gingivalis from 2 subjects. To determine whether cross‐infection had occurred, the P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis of the DNA after digesting with one or a combination of the endonucleases Pst I, Bam HI, and Hind III. Evaluation of the restriction endonuclease typing method showed it to be sensitive and useful for the typing of P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Using this restriction endonuclease typing method, all isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia obtained from single individuals showed different digest patterns. We conclude that in the present study bacterial cross‐infection did not occur among subjects in this school. J Periodontol 1991; 62:235–241.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora and Bacterial DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis in Young Adults With Periodontitis

Steenbergen

Velden²,

Abbas³

et al. 1991

Journal of Periodontology

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“…actinomycetemcomitans has several serotypes, and it appears that the presence of the LT determines virulence (105). Serotype b strains are most often LT ϩ , and significantly higher proportions of LT ϩ isolates are found in diseased patients than in healthy individuals (343). Highly leukotoxic strains were found only in subjects with LJP and EOP and tended to colonize younger individuals (105).…”

Section: Specific Plaque Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Loesche

Grossman²

2001

Clin Microbiol Rev

413

338

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Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common chronic infection in adults. Evidence has been accumulating for the past 30 years which indicates that almost all forms of periodontal disease are chronic but specific bacterial infections due to the overgrowth in the dental plaque of a finite number of mostly anaerobic species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola. The success of traditional debridement procedures and/or antimicrobial agents in improving periodontal health can be associated with the reduction in levels of these anaerobes in the dental plaque. These findings suggest that patients and clinicians have a choice in the treatment of this overgrowth, either a debridement and surgery approach or a debridement and antimicrobial treatment approach. However, the antimicrobial approach, while supported by a wealth of scientific evidence, goes contrary to centuries of dental teaching that states that periodontal disease results from a “dirty mouth.” If periodontal disease is demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, it will be a modifiable risk factor since periodontal disease can be prevented and treated. Since the antimicrobial approach may be as effective as a surgical approach in the restoration and maintenance of a periodontally healthy dentition, this would give a cardiac or stroke patient and his or her physician a choice in the implementation of treatment seeking to improve the patient's periodontal condition so as to reduce and/or delay future cardiovascular events

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“…In general, all these methods show heterogeneity within the species A. actinomycetemcomitans (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). However, in these methods not all independent isolates can be distinguished from each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic DNA fingerprinting by restriction fragment end labeling.

Steenbergen

Colloms

Hermans

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A typing method for bacteria was developed and applied to several species, including Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Total genomic DNA was digested with a restriction endonuclease, and fragments were end labeled with [a-32PIdATP by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase and separated by electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide/8 M urea (sequencing gel). Depending on the restriction endonuclease and the bacterium, the method produced approximately 30-50 well-separated fragments in the size range of 100-400 nucleotides. For A. actinomycetemcomitans, all strains had bands in common. Nevertheless, many polymorphisms could be observed, and the 31 strains tested could be classified into 29 distinct types. Furthermore, serotype-specific fragments could be assigned for the three serotypes investigated. The method described is very sensitive, allowing more distinct types to be distinguished than other commohly used typing methods. When the method was applied to 10 other clinically relevant bacterial species, both speciesspecific bands and strain-specific bands were found. Isolates from different locations of one patient showed indistinguishable patterns. Computer-assisted analysis of the DNA fingerprints allowed the determination of similarity coefficients. It is concluded that genomic fingerprinting by restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL) is a powerful and generally applicable technique to type bacterial species.To distinguish related bacterial strains, several DNA-based methods have been described, including restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) ofwhole chromosomal DNA (1, 2), hybridization of DNA fragments with specific probes such as ribosomal DNA (ribotyping) (3), and polymerase chain reaction with an arbitrary primer (AP-PCR) (4-6), which is also known as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. All these methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages. REA of whole chromosomal DNA results in a large number of fragments, which can be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Although this method often results in a large number of distinct types within a species, comparison of patterns is often difficult because of the low resolution of the agarose gel and the large number of fragments produced. The use of rare-cutting restriction enzymes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results in a lower number of bands (2), but then few bands can be used for comparison, which can make the method less discriminatory. Ribotyping results in patterns with a limited number ofbands, which can be more easily evaluated; however, this method is more time consuming, has limited resolving power, and focuses on only one cluster of genes. AP-PCR is generally a very fast method, and the complexity of the pattern can be varied by using different primers. A disadvantage of this method is that not all fragments are amplified by the PCR method with an equal efficiency, so that there can be significant interexperiment and interlaboratory variation.The publication costs of this article ...

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Molecular Genetic Analysis of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Epidemiology

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Microflora and Bacterial DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis in Young Adults With Periodontitis

Microflora and Bacterial DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis in Young Adults With Periodontitis

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Genomic DNA fingerprinting by restriction fragment end labeling.

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