Molecular Genetic Aspects of Malignant Colon Tumors

Пасевич, Д. М.; Sushkou, S.A.; Семенов, В. М.

doi:10.18484/2305-0047.2016.2.184

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The proportion of patients aged 40 to 50 years has increased and reached 10%. 7,8 Hereditary forms of colorectal cancer occur in about 5%, the established hereditary predisposition reaches 30%. The external causes are the main etiological factors in 65% of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external causes are the main etiological factors in 65% of cases. 2,8 The accumulation of mutations in the epithelial cells of the colon precedes appearance of a malignant tumor in most of cases. Morphologically, it is manifested by a benign tumor called a polyp, which clinically is free of symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphologically, it is manifested by a benign tumor called a polyp, which clinically is free of symptoms. 8,9 Thus, the following is characteristic of colorectal cancer: 1) an increase in its spread in people aged 40-50; 2) unknown environmental factors are the main mutagen; 3) asymptomatic clinical course of precancerous colon disease. All the above-mentioned features do not contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease at the stage of a benign tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age, sex and residence: preferences of colonic polyps in Grodno population in the last three years

2020

MOJAP

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age, sex and residence: preferences of colonic polyps in Grodno population in the last three years

2020

MOJAP

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Molecular-genetic mechanisms of the signal cascade RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK associated with the development of the tumor process and the purpose of targeted drugs for colorectal cancer

Toropovsky¹,

Pavlova

Viktorov³

et al. 2021

jour

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Colorectal cancer occupies one of the leading positions in the world in the structure of cancer incidence. The vital processes of cancer cells largely depend on the production of growth factors and their receptors. One of these is epidermal growth factor (EGFR), which is a tyrosine kinase receptor for cell membranes. Normally, binding of EGFR ligands and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) induces receptor activation, which triggers ERK and PI3K signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and many other processes. It was found that in 80% of cases, colorectal cancer occurs as a result of EGFR overexpression, which leads to increased growth and division of tumor cells due to hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEKERK signaling cascade. The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade is a pathway that regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell migration. In the development of human cancer, mutations of the RAS/RAF family are most often the cause of dysregulation of signal transduction through this pathway. According to current data, about a third of all malignant neoplasms are associated with mutations in the genes of the RAS family, which include HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, RRAS, and other homologous proteins. Proteins of the RAS family are involved in the activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, which leads to gene mutations. This process determines proliferative activity, ability to differentiate, metastasis, avoidance of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis. Permanent RAS activation leads to malignant cell degeneration. Thus, the expression and mutation of the EGFR gene are associated with various variants of tumor progression and poor prognosis in malignant neoplasms of various localizations. Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the expansion of the spectrum of effective anticancer drugs also creates a number of difficulties in choosing the optimal drug therapy regimens in patients with metastases of colorectal cancer.

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Clinical Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Egfr-Signaling Pathway Gene Mutations

Богомолова

Антонеева

Долгова

2019

Ulyanovsk Medico-Biological Journal

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KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations are associated with an unfavorable prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC). At the same time, there is no single point of view on disease development during adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Objective. The authors aimed at studying KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in the tumor and their influence on the clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer development. Materials and Methods. Paraffin blocks of the primary CRC tumor (n=37) were used as the material for the study. Using genomic DNA, isolated from the primary tumor, real-time PCR was used to determine the most common mutations in CRC: KRAS gene (exon 2, codon region 12–13), NRAS gene (exon 3, codon region 61), B6F V600E gene. Results. The results of genotyping of DNA samples isolated from the primary CRC tumor paraffin blocks showed that BRAF gene mutations were detected in 8.2 % of cases, NRAS gene mutations were detected in 5.4 % of cases, and KRAS gene mutations were detected in 37.8 % of cases. The authors didn’t reveal any dependencies of the mutation distribution on patients’ gender and age. The examined mutations were more common in adenocarcinomas of high and moderate degrees of differentiation. The relapse-free period after ACT in patients with identified KRAS, NRAS, BRAF gene mutations is significantly less than in those without mutations. Conclusion. The findings suggest that EGFR signaling pathway mutations (KRAS, NRAS and BRAF) increase the risk of disease recurrence and are an unfavorable prognostic factor. Keywords: colorectal cancer, NRAS, KRAS, BRAF mutations, adjuvant chemotherapy.

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Molecular Genetic Aspects of Malignant Colon Tumors

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Age, sex and residence: preferences of colonic polyps in Grodno population in the last three years

Age, sex and residence: preferences of colonic polyps in Grodno population in the last three years

Molecular-genetic mechanisms of the signal cascade RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK associated with the development of the tumor process and the purpose of targeted drugs for colorectal cancer

Clinical Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Egfr-Signaling Pathway Gene Mutations

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