Molecular genetic changes in gastric carcinoma

Abstract

Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality and this is associated with poor survival rates. Understanding the molecular genetic changes of gastric carcinoma may offer an insight into its pathogenesis helps in identifying new biomarkers, aid prognostication, and novel treatment targets. Over a past few decades, advances in technology and high throughput analysis have improved understanding of the molecular genetic aspects of gastric cancer. In this article, hierarchy of the changes at genetic and molecular level including several aspects which are heterogenous and represents a wide spectrum such as tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cellcycle regulators, apoptosis, cell-adhesion molecules, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic changes. The classification of gastric carcinoma at molecular and genetic level as well as hereditary gastric carcinoma is elaborated. The molecular genetic aspects regarding pathogenesis, changes and aberrations of all genes and pathways which are involved in gastric cancer are addressed in this review.

Prognosis and survival study in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship with pRb expression alteration: A retrospective IHC‐based study

“…26 In comparison to the above findings, some studies have shown high intact pRb (up to 87%) or increased Rb expression in gastric cancer and say that this increased expression in early gastric cancer could have diagnostic values. 13,14,16,27 In the current study, only 29.5% of cells had altered Rb gene expression, indicating that Rb mutations are less frequent in gastric cancer than in the Constancia et al study. 25 Further investigations are required to determine the Rb gene correlation to the grade and stage of tumors.…”

“…2,9,12,14,15 Compared to normal or pre-malignant tissues, some studies have documented decreased Rb gene product (pRb) in gastric cancer; therefore, it has diagnostic value in the early stages of the disease. 11,13,16 At the same time, studies in pre-malignant states report increased Rb expression. 14 There are also reports of gastric cancer that suggest Rb gene deletion.…”

“…Helicobacter pylori, which induces aberrant methylation of the P53‐Rb pathway by several mechanisms, especially oxygen radicals, is an acquired risk factor for gastric cancer 2,9,12,14,15 . Compared to normal or pre‐malignant tissues, some studies have documented decreased Rb gene product (pRb) in gastric cancer; therefore, it has diagnostic value in the early stages of the disease 11,13,16 . At the same time, studies in pre‐malignant states report increased Rb expression 14 .…”

Capsaicin Inhibits Inflammation and Gastric Damage during H pylori Infection by Targeting NF-kB–miRNA Axis

“…Chronic or acute infection by pathogens is a severe threat to humans. H. pylori is one of the pathogens involved in gastric disorders [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Infection by H. pylori not only induces gastric damage but in severe cases promotes gastric cancer [43].…”

“…Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. H. pylori, a common gastric pathogen, is considered to be one of the most important carcinogens involved in gastric cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Although only 2% of infected individuals develop cancer, it also causes other gastric complications such as ulcer and gastritis.…”