Molecular histology in skin appendage morphogenesis

Widelitz, Randall B.; Jiang, Ting; Noveen, Alexander; Ting‐Berreth, Sheree A.; Yin, Eric; Jung, Han Sung; Chuong, Cheng Ming

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970815)38:4<452::aid-jemt13>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Thus at the mesenchymal condensation stage, cAMP has a stimulatory effect, and at the elongation phase it has an inhibitory effect. Another way of looking at this is that cAMP causes a blockage between the short feather bud and the long feather bud stages (18). Since cAMP activates PKA and the activated PKA in turn phosphorylates the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), we studied the expression of both CREB and phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB) in the growing feather buds (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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cAMP, an Activator of Protein Kinase A, Suppresses the Expression of Sonic Hedgehog

Noveen

Jiang

Chuong

1996

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our laboratory, we have been interested in studying molecules involved in feather morphogenesis (17,18). We have previously observed that addition of forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, or dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), an activator of PKA, to stage 34 (E8) skin culture media, results in the stimulation of mesenchymal condensation of feather buds (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

cAMP, an Activator of Protein Kinase A, Suppresses the Expression of Sonic Hedgehog

Noveen

Jiang

Chuong

1996

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…This causes locally low/high concentrations of adherent extracellular matrix. The cells will preferentially bind to the highest concentrations of extracellular matrix and hence an extracellular matrix gradient is interpreted as Song et al, 1996;, PKA (Noveen et al, 1995b), follistatin (Patel et al, 1999), BMP , Delta-1 (Crowe et al, 1998), retinoic acid , EGF (Atit et al, 2003), PKC (Noveen et al., 1995b), Wnt 7a (Widelitz et al, 1997). These results favor the involvement of a reaction diffusion mechanism (Turing, 1952;Nagorcka and Mooney, 1985;Moore et al, 1998;Jiang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Template Based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A') Tangential section of early buds show that the homogenous feather buds become heterogeneous following the development of the anterior -posterior axis. Examples shown include tenascin (Jiang and Chuong, 1992); Wnt 7a (Widelitz et al, 1997); Eph A4 (Patel et al, 1999), Notch (Chen et al, 1997) and Follistatin (Patel et al, 1999). (B) Cross sections of different levels of feather filament are shown schematically which also represent different developmental stages (distal is more mature).…”

Section: A C Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integument pattern formation involves genetic and epigenetic controls: feather arrays simulated by digital hormone models.

Jiang¹,

Widelitz²,

Shen³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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121

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Pattern formation is a fundamental morphogenetic process. Models based on genetic and epigenetic control have been proposed but remain controversial. Here we use feather morphogenesis for further evaluation. Adhesion molecules and/or signaling molecules were first expressed homogenously in feather tracts (restrictive mode, appear earlier) or directly in bud or inter-bud regions (de novo mode, appear later). They either activate or inhibit bud formation, but paradoxically colocalize in the bud. Using feather bud reconstitution, we showed that completely dissociated cells can reform periodic patterns without reference to previous positional codes. The patterning process has the characteristics of being self-organizing, dynamic and plastic. The final pattern is an equilibrium state reached by competition, and the number and size of buds can be altered based on cell number and activator/inhibitor ratio, respectively. We developed a Digital Hormone Model which consists of (1) competent cells without identity that move randomly in a space, (2) extracellular signaling hormones which diffuse by a reaction-diffusion mechanism and activate or inhibit cell adhesion, and (3) cells which respond with topological stochastic actions manifested as changes in cell adhesion. Based on probability, the results are cell clusters arranged in dots or stripes. Thus genetic control provides combinational molecular information which defines the properties of the cells but not the final pattern. Epigenetic control governs interactions among cells and their environment based on physical-chemical rules (such as those described in the Digital Hormone Model). Complex integument patterning is the sum of these two components of control and that is why integument patterns are usually similar but non-identical. These principles may be shared by other pattern formation processes such as barb ridge formation, fingerprints, pigmentation patterning, etc. The Digital Hormone Model can also be applied to swarming robot navigation, reaching intelligent automata and representing a self-re-configurable type of control rather than a follow-the-instruction type of control. KEY WORDS: periodic patterning, reaction -diffusion, tissue engineering, complexity, self- The formation of each organ goes through induction, morphogenesis, and differentiation stages. During the morphogenesis stage, the shape, pattern, and size that constitute the functional form of an organ are laid down. Pattern formation is one of the fundamental processes that take place during the morphogenesis stage. The easiest patterns to observe are found on the integument (Bereiter-Hahn et al., 1986). The striking examples of Integument pattern formations are the avian plumages, leopard dots, tiger stripes, etc. In Fig. 1, we can appreciate examples of different integument patterns which grace our eyes that are produced by Nature.How do these patterns form? Are they under strict genetic control? Then, why are many patterns similar but not identical. Are they under epigenetic control? ...

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“…Mesenchyme becomes competent to induce feathers at an early embryonic stage prior to any obvious morphological changes in either the mesenchyme itself or in the overlying epithelium (Widelitz et al, 1997). The first morphological indication of feather formation is the aggregation of mesenchyme into a thin, uniform layer of dense dermis beneath the epithelium (Wessells, 1965;Brotman, 1977;Mayerson and Fallon, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quail-duck chimeras reveal spatiotemporal plasticity in molecular and histogenic programs of cranial feather development

2005

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The avian feather complex represents a vivid example of how a developmental module composed of highly integrated molecular and histogenic programs can become rapidly elaborated during the course of evolution. Mechanisms that facilitate this evolutionary diversification may involve the maintenance of plasticity in developmental processes that underlie feather morphogenesis. Feathers arise as discrete buds of mesenchyme and epithelium, which are two embryonic tissues that respectively form dermis and epidermis of the integument. Epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions generate feather buds that are neatly arrayed in space and time. The dermis provides spatiotemporal patterning information to the epidermis but precise cellular and molecular mechanisms for generating species-specific differences in feather pattern remain obscure. In the present study, we exploit the quail-duck chimeric system to test the extent to which the dermis regulates the expression of genes required for feather development. Quail and duck have distinct feather patterns and divergent growth rates, and we exchange pre-migratory neural crest cells destined to form the craniofacial dermis between them. We find that donor dermis induces host epidermis to form feather buds according to the spatial pattern and timetable of the donor species by altering the expression of members and targets of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Sonic Hedgehog and Delta/Notch pathways. Overall, we demonstrate that there is a great deal of spatiotemporal plasticity inherent in the molecular and histogenic programs of feather development, a property that may have played a generative and regulatory role throughout the evolution of birds.

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Molecular histology in skin appendage morphogenesis

Cited by 50 publications

References 56 publications

cAMP, an Activator of Protein Kinase A, Suppresses the Expression of Sonic Hedgehog

cAMP, an Activator of Protein Kinase A, Suppresses the Expression of Sonic Hedgehog

Integument pattern formation involves genetic and epigenetic controls: feather arrays simulated by digital hormone models.

Quail-duck chimeras reveal spatiotemporal plasticity in molecular and histogenic programs of cranial feather development

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