Molecular identification and genetic characterization of Theileria and Anaplasma infection in sheep and goat of North Gujarat, India

Prajapati, Ankit; Prajapati, Bhavesh; Patel, Arun; Chauhan, Prabha; Das, Bhupamani; Raval, S.H.; Suthar, Abhinav; Sutaria, T. V.; Chaudhari, Rajendra Kumar; Patel, 2P. D. Vihol 1S. A.; Chauhan, Vandip; Patel, Ramesh

doi:10.1007/s00436-023-07848-w

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Earlier reports from different countries depicted higher prevalence, ranging from 63 to 94%, viz. Iran, Iraq, Hungary, Turkey, Portugal, and Tunisia [3,20,26,44,45], while lower disease positivity rates compared to our study were documented from Senegal, Egypt, Slovakia, and India [36,[46][47][48]. The diagnostic assay, local climatic conditions, flock size, poor hygienic conditions, and breeds may have been attributed to the variable occurrence of disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Molecular Epidemiology, Seasonality and Phylogenetic Investigations of Anaplasma ovis in Small Ruminants from Diverse Agro-Climatic Regions of Punjab, Pakistan

Atif,

Ullah,

Cossío-Bayúgar

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Anaplasma (A.) ovis is the most important cause of anaplasmosis in small ruminants. The current study was planned to estimate the molecular prevalence, risk factors, and phylogenetic analysis of A. ovis infection in sheep and goats from different agro-climatic regions of Central and Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 400 jugular blood samples were collected from asymptomatic goats (n = 200) and sheep (n = 200) from the Jhang and Dera Ghazi Khan districts from January 2021 to February, 2023. Two hundred blood samples were collected from each district. Ten union councils (UC) were randomly chosen from each district, and 20 samples were collected from each UC based on the multistage cluster sampling technique. The samples were analyzed with PCR targeting the major surface protein (msp4) gene of A. ovis. The overall molecular prevalence of anaplasmosis was 57.5%. The disease occurrence was higher in Dera Ghazi Khan (61.5%) than in the Jhang district (53.5%). Infection positivity was greater in goats (65.5%) than in sheep (49.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that host species [sheep; Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.212; p = 0.000, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.968–5.242], age (adult; OR = 2.606; p = 0.003, CI = 1.398–4.858), and acaricide use (never; OR = 13.671; p = 0.000, CI = 6.414–26.283) were significantly higher risk for A. ovis in small ruminants (p< 0.05; OR > 1). The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four representative isolates in the current study (Genbank numbers; Goats: OQ302202, OQ302203; Sheep: OQ319592, OQ319593) revealed novel strains of A. ovis with 97–100% similarity from different countries. The msp4-based goat isolates showed greater genetic diversity, while sheep genotypes showed homology with isolates from Italy, Spain, Hungary, Cyprus, Spain, Iran, and China. The current surveillance study will help in devising prevention and control strategies regarding anaplasmosis in small ruminants. However, there is a need for further study on the clinicopathological and vector competence aspects of these genotypes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Molecular Epidemiology, Seasonality and Phylogenetic Investigations of Anaplasma ovis in Small Ruminants from Diverse Agro-Climatic Regions of Punjab, Pakistan

Atif,

Ullah,

Cossío-Bayúgar

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…For instance, Rhipicephalus microplus , Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus annulatus , and Hyalomma anatolicum are some of the tick species known to transmit Theileria parasites ( Aung et al ., 2022 ; Norouzi et al ., 2022 ; Rahravani et al ., 2023 ). The prevalence and distribution of these tick species in different regions can vary and affect the incidence of theileriosis in small ruminants (Kumar et al ., 2023; Prajapati et al ., 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis of theileriosis through blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction in small ruminants from Pakistan

Riaz¹,

Nasreen²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Ovine and caprine theileriosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease, caused by Theileria spp., responsible for heavy economic losses in terms of high mortality and morbidity rates. Diagnosis of ovine theileriosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms, microscopic screening of stained blood smears and lymph node biopsy smears, but the limitations of these detection methods against Theileria spp. infection limit their specificity. Aim: To overcome these limitations, the current study reports the differential diagnosis of theileriosis through Blood Smear Examination and Polymerase Chain Reaction in small ruminants from Pakistan. Methods: The study was conducted on 1200 apparently healthy small ruminants (737 sheep and 463 goats). Firstly, blood smears were screened for the presence of Theileria piroplasms in red blood cells. Secondly, PCR amplification based on 18S rRNA gene was performed by using primers specific to Theileria spp. Results: Out of 1200 small ruminants, 100 were positive for Theileria genus by blood smears microscopy while 315 samples were found positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 26.98 % and 98.31 % for blood smear method, and 73.01% and 100 % of PCR assay, respectively. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that PCR is the gold standard method compared to the conventional method of smear examination for the diagnosis of ovine and caprine theileriosis in Pakistan.

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Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis, Anaplasma ovis, and Rickettsia spp. in Rhipicephalus turanicus and Hyalomma anatolicum Collected from Sheep in Southern Xinjiang, China

Li,

Xieripu

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) borders eight countries and has a complex geographic environment. There are almost 45.696 million herded sheep in Xinjiang, which occupies 13.80% of China’s sheep farming industry. However, there is a scarcity of reports investigating the role of sheep or ticks in Xinjiang in transmitting tick-borne diseases (TBDs). A total of 894 ticks (298 tick pools) were collected from sheep in southern Xinjiang. Out of the 298 tick pools investigated in this study, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Rh. turanicus) and Hyalomma anatolicum (H. anatolicum) were identified through morphological and molecular sequencing. In the southern part of Xinjiang, 142 (47.65%), 86 (28.86%), and 60 (20.13%) tick pools were positive for Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp., respectively. Interestingly, the infection rate of Rickettsia spp. (73%, 35.10%, and 28.56–41.64%) was higher in Rh. turanicus pools than in H. anatolicum pools (4%, 4.44%, and 0.10–8.79%) in this study. Fifty-one tick pools were found to harbor two pathogens, while nineteen tick pools were detected to have the three pathogens. Our findings indicate the presence of Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. potentially transmitted by H. anatolicum and Rh. turanicus in sheep in southern Xinjiang, China.

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Molecular identification and genetic characterization of Theileria and Anaplasma infection in sheep and goat of North Gujarat, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Molecular Epidemiology, Seasonality and Phylogenetic Investigations of Anaplasma ovis in Small Ruminants from Diverse Agro-Climatic Regions of Punjab, Pakistan

Molecular Epidemiology, Seasonality and Phylogenetic Investigations of Anaplasma ovis in Small Ruminants from Diverse Agro-Climatic Regions of Punjab, Pakistan

Differential diagnosis of theileriosis through blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction in small ruminants from Pakistan

Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis, Anaplasma ovis, and Rickettsia spp. in Rhipicephalus turanicus and Hyalomma anatolicum Collected from Sheep in Southern Xinjiang, China

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