Aim:The present study has been conducted to evaluate antigout activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruits following its 28 days repeated oral administration on potassium oxonate-induced gout rat model.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 42 male Sprague-Dawely rats dividing them in seven groups having six rats in each group. Groups I, II, and III served as vehicle control group, gout control group, and standard treatment control group, respectively. Rats of all the groups except vehicle control group were administered potassium oxonate at 250 mg/kg (IP), throughout the study period (28 days) for induction of gout. Groups IV and V received aqueous extract of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg, and Groups VI and VII received alcoholic extract of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg (daily oral for 28 days). At the end of study, all the rats were subjected to blood collection; blood and serum sample were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. After collection of blood samples on the 29th day, all the rats were sacrificed and subjected to post mortem examination to determine the presence or absence of gross and histopathological lesions in kidney tissues.Results:At the end of study, rats of gout control group showed increase in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme level along with alterations in kidney tissues as compared to vehicle control group. Gouty rats treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and standard treatment allopurinol at 5 mg/kg body weight showed reduction in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN, and XO enzyme level along with significant improvements in histological structure of kidney as compared to rats of gout control group.Conclusion:Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. emblica fruits for 28 days has shown protection against gout in dose-dependent manner in rats.

Aim:The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Phyllanthus amarus extracts on serum biochemical changes in azaserine induced pancreatic cancer in Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:Pancreatic cancer was developed in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of azaserine (cancer inducer) for 21 days at the concentration of 5 mg/kg body weight. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were given to rats of different groups as per protocol.Results:The results data revealed that oral administration of P. amarus extracts had a significant change in pancreatic amylase, lipase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity.Conclusion:We concluded that extract of P. amarus possessed chemoprotective activity against azaserine induced pancreatic cancer in Wistar rats.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are signi cant health concerns in small ruminants. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the genetic makeup of Theileria and Anapalsma species in sheep and goats located in different districts of North Gujarat. A total of 226 blood samples were collected from sheep (n=78) and goats (n=148) viz. Banaskantha (n=175), Patan (n=26), and Bhuj (n=25). PCR was carried out using a species-speci c primer of Theileria targeting 18S rRNA, SSU rRNA, and Anapalsma targetting the msp5 gene. A total of 29/78 (37.18%) sheep and 16/148 (10.81%) goats were found positive for Theileria.At the same time, 12/78 (15.38%) sheep and 38/148 (25.68%) goats were found positive for Anaplasma infection. Moreover, mixed infection was found in 10/226 (4.42%) sheep and goats. Tick-borne diseases were more prevalent in females compared to male sheep and goats. Theileria infection was more common in sheep, whereas Anapalsma was more dominant in goats of north Gujarat. Sequencing of six positive samples revealed the T. ovis and A. ovis infections in sheep and goats. Phylogenetic analysis of T. ovis SSU rRNA and Anaplasma spp. msp5 revealed that the pathogens identi ed in this study are clustered together, indicating similar molecular characteristics. Hyaloma and Rhipicephalus were common ticks identi ed in sheep and goats. We concluded that Theileria and Anaplasma are highly prevalent in the study area, and continuous monitoring of sheep and goats in North Gujarat is highly required. This is the rst scienti c report on Theileria and Anaplasma co-infections in sheep and goats from North Gujarat.

The present work was conducted to evaluate the trend of ascites in canines of the North Gujarat region, India during 2017−2020. A total of 5094 dogs were presented for diverse clinical history at Veterinary Clinical Complex Deesa and Dantiwada. Amongst the dogs evaluated with clinical approach supported by ultrasonographic investigation in ascites suspected cases, total 91 were found affected. A thorough evaluation was conducted on all the dogs for various clinical signs. In most cases, the prominent clinical signs were abdominal distension, abnormal heart sound, and lethargy. History of no deworming was noticeable feedback from dog owners. Year wise prevalence of ascites was noted as 1.12% (2017), 1.12% (2018), 1.38% (2019) and 3.25% (2020) irrespective of etiologies. An increasing trend of ascites cases was observed over the years under evaluation. Female dogs were found more prone to ascites condition. Higher prevalence was observed in dogs one to the 5-year age group. Maximum numbers were reported from non-descript breed (n=19), labrador (n=13) and German shepherd (n=10). Anechoic fluid and fibrin in the abdominal cavity were consistent findings in most cases during ultrasonographic evaluation. Ascites can be prevented by regular deworming and by diet management.

No abstract