Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Papaver based on ITS2 barcoding

Abstract

In forensic cases suspected to involve Papaver somniferum, species identification is key to the investigation. To accurately detect and identify P. somniferum as well as common adulterants of the same genus, 19 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of P. somniferum (256 bp), Papaver canescens (254 bp), Papaver nudicaule (254 bp), Papaver pavoninum (250 bp), Papaver radicatum (254 bp), and Papaver rhoeas (256 bp) were obtained. Based on the ITS2 sequence, similarity analysis via BLAST, the nearest Kimura‐2‐parameter (K2P) genetic distances were calculated, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X software for the identification of six species of Papaver. Finally, differences in the ITS2 secondary structure between species were analyzed. The best matches of the P. somniferum ITS2 sequence were of other P. somniferum from different sources. The nearest K2P genetic distances between P. somniferum and its counterparts from other sources were zero, which was the smallest pairwise genetic distance among distances from the other five Papaver species. Various sources of P. somniferum clustered into an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree. The secondary structures of P. somniferum and P. rhoeas were significantly different from those of the other four species of Papaver. In summary, P. somniferum can be effectively distinguished from five closely related plants of the same genus by using ITS2 as a DNA barcode.

A bibliometric analysis of research trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia from 2000 to 2021

“…Consequently, data on identified human remains encompass various ethnicities, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Han, Dong, and Yi [ 33 , 35 , 44 ], and there are even studies that have identified Chinese surnames through short tandem repeat Y-STR profiles of Chinese surnames [ 45 ]. There are also some forensic studies have examined domestic animals and insects in East Asia [ 46 , 47 ]. In addition, given the demographic, geographic, and climatic factors in East Asia, large-scale disasters and MPS feature commonly in the literature on East Asia [ 20–25 ], which has explored how human remains can be identified in contexts of large-scale disasters, such as floods and earthquakes.…”

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2020 procedures for DNA extraction from Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and Poppy Seed-containing products [ 462 ]; comparative cp genome analyses to study the evolutionary pattern in Papaveracea [ 463 ]; MALDI-MS method for detection of opiates in Papaver somniferum [ 464 ]; new EST-SSR markers for individual genotyping Opium Poppy Cultivars (Papaver somniferum L.) [ 465 ]; development of a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the quantification of opium poppy DNA, evaluation of three commercial DNA extraction kits for their ability to isolate DNA from poppy seeds, and evaluation of nineteen opium poppy short tandem repeat (STR) markers for their use in a forensic identification panel [ 466 ]; 2021 characterization of a novel variable number tandem repeat markers of forensically important poppy species based on the genetic analysis of 164 samples collected in South Korea [ 467 ]; genomic analysis of P. somniferum [ 468 ]; genomic characterization of California poppy using the draft genome sequence [ 469 ]genomic profiling of WRKY genes involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid biosynthesis in California poppy [ 470 ]; 2022 molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Papaver based on ITS2 barcoding to detect and identify P. somniferum as well as common adulterants of the same genus [ 471 ]; genotyping-by-sequencing to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure in a collection of poppy germplasm consisting of 91 accessions originating in 30 countries of Europe, North Africa, America, and Asia [ 472 ]; IsoSeq on opium poppy to improve the gene annotation [ 473 ]; eleven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were mined to distinguish opium poppy from other six Papaver species [ 474 ].…”

The phylogenetic relationship based on the ITS, matK and rbcL DNA regions and comparision of chemical contents of twelve Paeonia taxa in Turkey

“…Sequence data were compared within themselves using the Clustal O program (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/). The phylogenetic analysis based on the rDNA-ITS and matK sequences was performed using MEGA-11 software package (Cheng et al, 2022;Kimura, 1980). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with the K2P model; pairwise deletion for gaps/missing data treatment, and 1000 replications for bootstrap.…”