Molecular identification of invasive drosophilid Zaprionustuberculatus Malloch (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Çanakkale, Turkey

Abstract

The genus Zaprionus Coquillett, 1902 is known to have 2 subgenera. Zaprionus sensu stricto, with 46 species, originated from the Afrotropical region. The other subgenus, called Anaprionus, with 11 species, is native to the Oriental and Australasian regions (Yassin, 2008;Yassin and David, 2010). The genus is abundant in Africa (Tsacas et al., 1981) but is now also known to be present in the Palearctic region (Yassin, 2008). The Zaprionus species differ from each other based on testes size and sperm ultrastructures, and they are also phylogenetically close to the genus Drosophila (Commar et al., 2012).Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch was first described in 1932 in South Africa. The common name is vinegar fly or pomace fly and it originated in tropical Africa (Yassin, 2008). It is present in the eastern African islands of Mauritius and Madagascar. It was also suggested that it should be added to the alert list of the European and Mediterranean Plant Organization in 2017. It has more than 49 tropical fruit hosts (https://www.eppo. int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/alert_list_insects/ zaprionus_tuberculatus) and was recently found in Greece (Crete), feeding on mature fig fruits during the summer of 2017 (Leivadaras et al., 2017). Zaprionus tuberculatus is morphologically similar to Z. sepsoides, Z. mascariensis, Z. kolodkinae, and Z. verruca; all specimens have a tubercule on the fore femur and are considered as sibling species (Tsacas et al. 1981;Yassin, 2008).A few drosophilid species are known to be primary pests, such as Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Walsh et al., 2011) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Lasa and Tadeo, 2015;Kremmer et al., 2017); however, Z. tuberculatus seems to be a potential pest based on recent reports (Leivadaras et al., 2017). It has been newly introduced as an invasive drosophilid in Turkey and was first detected in 2012 in Adana (Patlar et al., 2012), based on its morphological identification key characters (Yassin and David, 2010). Since then, this pest has received little attention and, even though it was caught in traps, there have been no reports

Türkiye’de İstalacı bir tür olan Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)’in Moleküler Tanımlaması

“…Mitochondrial COI is an effective tool to understand the genetic structure, insect identification and evolutionary rate among pest species (Kuyulu et al, 2019). A total of 3 specimens representing Edirne population of N. cymoides were successfully sequenced.…”

“…PCR was performed in a 25-µL final reaction volume, including 2.5 µL of 10XPCR buffer (Ampliqon), 1 µL of MgCl2 (25 mM), 0.5 µL of dNTPs (10 mM each), 0.5 µL of each primer (10 pmol), 1 µL of template DNA (20 ng/µL), and 1 U of Taq polymerase (Ampliqon). PCR was carried out with a Bio-Rad S1000 TM Thermal cycler with programme setting as follows: 4 min at 94 °C initial denaturation, then 36 cycles of 40 s at 94 °C, 1 min at 48 °C, 45 s at 72 °C and with a final extension for 10 min at 72 °C (Kuyulu et al, 2019). PCR products were confirmed on 1% agarose gel at 120 V for 30 min then sent to a company for sequencing one-way using forward primer.…”

“…In general, the adult stage is used to identify insect species based on their taxonomic characters. Molecular methods are important for the accurate and rapid identification of invasive pest species without depending on the biological stages (Kuyulu et al, 2019). Especially, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) has been used successfully in insect identification and keeping track of existing pest species and their distributions (Kuyulu and Genc, 2020;Yücel and Genc, 2022).…”

Primeiro registro de Zaprionus tuberculatus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

“…Species belonging to the genus Zaprionus are acknowledged for their polyphagous habit and preference for decomposing fruits (PATLAR et al, 2012;JOSHI et al, 2014) and for fruits presenting mechanical damage caused by other insect species, such D. suzukii lays its eggs in intact fruits due to its serrated ovipositor (GARCIA et al, 2022). Z. tuberculatus can damage intact pear, strawberry, fig, and pomegranate fruits during oviposition (KUYULU et al, 2019), making it a significant threat to fruit production.…”

First Record of Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch, 1932 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Another species of the genus Zaprionus that has recently drawn attention from researchers and fruit producers is the Afrotropical Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch, 1932(Kuyulu et al, 2019Kamel et al, 2020). According to the Invasive Species Compendium, it is an invasive species with the potential to alter the composition of native communities (CABI, 2023).…”