Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Vallabhajosula, Shankar; Polack, Berna; Babich, John W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64096-9_27

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…These special requirements are encountered in radiotracer synthesis such as choice of the appropriate radionuclide and suitable labeling position. In this regard, a radiotracer has to meet different criteria to be delivered to the target area of interest such as an adequate lipophilicity, high selectivity to the biological target and a high metabolic stability in vivo [34]. Hence, special attention should be paid to implement fast and highly selective labeling reactions for radiotracers which tolerate other functional groups.…”

Section: Radiodefluorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Increase the Metabolic Stability of 18F-Radiotracers

2015

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Abstract:The majority of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds incorporating radiotracers that are considered foreign to the body undergo metabolic changes in vivo. Metabolic degradation of these drugs is commonly caused by a system of enzymes of low substrate specificity requirement, which is present mainly in the liver, but drug metabolism may also take place in the kidneys or other organs. Thus, radiotracers and all other pharmaceuticals are faced with enormous challenges to maintain their stability in vivo highlighting the importance of their structure. Often in practice, such biologically active molecules exhibit these properties in vitro, but fail during in vivo studies due to obtaining an increased metabolism within minutes. Many pharmacologically and biologically interesting compounds never see application due to their lack of stability. One of the most important issues of radiotracers development based on fluorine-18 is the stability in vitro and in vivo. Sometimes, the metabolism of

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Section: Radiodefluorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Increase the Metabolic Stability of 18F-Radiotracers

2015

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“…Since 2003, PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is recommended for NSCLC staging due to its high sensitivity to detect cancer [6, 7]. Currently, PET-CT is the gold-standard procedure for the non-invasive staging of NSCLC patients because it has the capability of identifying distant metastasis that would pass unnoticed in CT, preventing over 30% of unnecessary thoracotomies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET-CT has low specificity for mediastinal staging of non-small-cell lung cancer in an endemic area for tuberculosis: a diagnostic test study (LACOG 0114)

Werutsky¹,

Hochhegger

Pinto

et al. 2019

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundThe present study aims to assess the performance of 18F-FDG PET-CT on mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a location with endemic granulomatous infectious disease.MethodsDiagnostic test study including patients aged 18 years or older with operable stage I-III NSCLC and indication for a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. All patients underwent a 18F-FDG PET-scan before invasive mediastinal staging, either through mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy, which was considered the gold-standard. Surgeons and pathologists were blinded for scan results. Primary endpoint was to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of PET-CT with images acquired in the 1st hour of the exam protocol, using predefined cutoffs of maximal SUV, on per-patient basis.ResultsOverall, 85 patients with operable NSCLC underwent PET-CT scan followed by invasive mediastinal staging. Mean age was 65 years, 49 patients were male and 68 were white. One patient presented with active tuberculosis and none had HIV infection. Using any SUV_max > 0 as qualitative criteria for positivity, sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 and 0.45, respectively. Nevertheless, even when the highest SUV cut-off was used (SUV_max ≥5), specificity remained low (0.79), with an estimated positive predictive value of 54%.ConclusionsOur findings are in line with the most recent publications and guidelines, which recommend that PET-CT must not be solely used as a tool to mediastinal staging, even in a region with high burden of tuberculosis.Trial registrationThe LACOG 0114 study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, before study initiation, under identifier NCT02664792.

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“…This will prove very instrumental to molecular abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders that mostly occur at lower concentrations (10 −8 M). In fact, the high sensitivity of PET is currently the only in vivo technique available or method capable of quantifying cerebral pathophysiological subtle changes that precede neuro-structural abnormalities [ 178 ]. Therefore, the development of novel PET radiotracers will play a large role in the success of hybrid imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hybrid Brain Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

et al. 2015

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This is a focused review of imaging literature to scope the utility of hybrid brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders. The review focuses on brain imaging modalities that utilize hybrid (fusion) techniques to characterize abnormal brain molecular signals in combination with structural and functional changes that have been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. An overview of clinical hybrid brain imaging technologies for human use is followed by a selective review of the literature that conceptualizes the use of these technologies in understanding basic mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric disorders and their therapeutics. Neuronal network abnormalities are highlighted throughout this review to scope the utility of hybrid imaging as a potential biomarker for each disorder.

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Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Cited by 14 publications

References 117 publications

Methods to Increase the Metabolic Stability of 18F-Radiotracers

Methods to Increase the Metabolic Stability of 18F-Radiotracers

PET-CT has low specificity for mediastinal staging of non-small-cell lung cancer in an endemic area for tuberculosis: a diagnostic test study (LACOG 0114)

Role of Hybrid Brain Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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