Surfactants with various ionic properties
have been broadly employed
as assisting or main additives for fluid drag reduction. However,
how the micellar structure of surfactants affects their turbulence
drag reduction performance has not been systematically investigated,
and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we present
a systematic experimental investigation of the turbulent drag reduction
performance of surfactants with head groups of different ionic properties
in a circular tube. By controlling such fluid parameters as surfactant
ionic properties and concentration, flow time, turbulence intensity,
and pH value, we were able to obtain surfactant solutions of various
micellar structures, which make it possible to investigate the underlying
mechanism between microscale assembly morphology and the resulting
drag reduction performance of surfactants under turbulence conditions.
Overall, the zwitterionic surfactant BS-12 has the best drag reduction
performance, followed by the anionic surfactant sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
and the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, and finally
the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The spreading
characteristics of the different types of surfactant solutions on
a metal plate were experimentally investigated, and the spreading
coefficient is positively correlated with turbulent drag reduction
rate induced by the surfactant. The mechanism of turbulent drag reduction
induced by surfactants with different ionic properties has been explored,
and it turns out that the micelle structure formed by surfactants
is the main cause of turbulent drag reduction. The increase in the
supermolecular structure size of the surfactant molecules in solution
is beneficial in improving its turbulent drag reduction performance.