Molecular iodine in monomer and polymer designing

Moulay, Saâd

doi:10.1080/15685551.2013.867579

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…As expected, C ex is not dependent on the initiator type because in situ generated alkyl iodide control transfer and exchange constants involved in the polymerization period (Scheme 1). C tr value in the radical telomerization of Bu mediated with C 6 F 13 I at 145 °C has been reported to be 2.59 [44,41] which is in a relatively good agreement with C ex = C tr value calculated in the present work. Observed difference can be attributed to the effect of CTA type as well as reaction temperature.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Iodide-mediated Bu Homopolymerizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Iodine DT can be used for polymerization of most of the monomers [37][38][39][40]. Iodide-mediated radical polymerization has successfully been used in the homogeneous or heterogeneous mediums [37][38][39][40][41][42]. These techniques (ITP and RITP) are performed under catalyst-free condition; resulting in easy purification of product [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: a kinetic study of solution homopolymerization

Abdollahi

Hajiataloo

2021

J Polym Res

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Homopolymerization of butadiene (Bu) in 1,4-dioxane (Dox) was performed at 70 °C using molecular iodine (I 2 ) in the presence of 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA), resulting in α-carboxyl ω-iodine heterotelechelic polybutadiene. Effect of Dox concentration, molar ratio of ACVA to I 2 and initiator type on the Bu conversion was studied. Inhibition of the reaction by molecular I 2 was observed until complete consumption of the I 2 (induction period). Then, polymerization initiated by carboxyl-functionalized alkyl iodides in situ generated during induction period. ACVA decomposition rate constant (k d ), induction time t ind and k 2 p ∕k t ratio were calculated using Bu conversion as a function of time data. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental changes in the conversion versus time was observed, indicating accuracy of the kinetic parameters estimated in this work. Experimental t ind was always less that theoretical one. It was attributed to reaction between Bu and I 2 , resulting in butadiene diiodide (I-Bu-I) compound. Formation of I-Bu-I species was further confirmed by 1 H-NMR analysis of end functional groups (i.e. alkyl iodide and allyl iodide) of polybutadiene chains. Based on the 1 H-NMR analysis, [I-Bu-I]/[I 2 ] 0 ratio was obtained for reaction B4 to be 0.235. It was found that among 1,2 and 1,4 additions, 1,2 addition of I 2 to Bu is the dominant reaction. Exchange constant between the growing and dormant species (C ex ) was estimated using GPC and conversion data to be in the range of 3.20-3.94. Then, M n and D evolution with conversion was investigated theoretically. Fraction of − carboxyl, − iodide heterotelechelic PBu chains f HOOC−PBu−I relative to all chains was estimated from 1 H-NMR data to be 87% for reaction B4.

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Section: Kinetics Of Iodide-mediated Bu Homopolymerizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: a kinetic study of solution homopolymerization

Abdollahi

Hajiataloo

2021

J Polym Res

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“…It is believed that the inhibition is associated with in situ formation of a chain-transfer agent A-I and/or A-M n -I and is complete aer full consumption of molecular iodine. 33 Indeed, the reaction mixture became colorless aer inhibition period, whereas it was brown at the beginning of the reaction. With the color of This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 iodine fading at the end of the inhibition period, the polymerization occurs.…”

Section: Ritp Homopolymerization Of Cp Initiated With Abvn In Benzene...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) of chloroprene

Hui

Shi

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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“…The production of I 2 by either route, however, could cause the observed removal of FFA, as molecular iodine is a known activator for FFA polymerization reactions. 38 The addition of excess l -histidine, which rapidly quenches 1 O 2 , reduced the rate of FFA removal with and without I – present, suggesting that 1 O 2 plays an important, even if intermediate, role in the process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Overlooked Photochemistry of Iodine in Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerene Derivatives

et al. 2022

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Fullerene’s low water solubility was a serious challenge to researchers aiming to harness their excellent photochemical properties for aqueous applications. Cationic functionalization of the fullerene cage provided the most effective approach to increase water solubility, but common synthesis practices inadvertently complicated the photochemistry of these systems by introducing iodide as a counterion. This problem was overlooked until recent work noted a potentiation effect which occurred when photosensitizers were used to inactivate microorganisms with added potassium iodide. In this work, several photochemical pathways were explored to determine the extent and underlying mechanisms of iodide’s interference in the photosensitization of singlet oxygen by cationic fulleropyrrolidinium ions and rose bengal. Triplet excited state sensitizer lifetimes were measured via laser flash photolysis to probe the role of I – in triplet sensitizer quenching. Singlet oxygen production rates were compared across sensitizers in the presence or absence of I – , SO 4 2– , and other anions. 3,5-Dimethyl-1 H -pyrazole was employed as a chemical probe for iodine radical species, such as I·, but none were observed in the photochemical systems. Molecular iodine and triiodide, however, were found in significant quantities when photosensitizers were irradiated in the presence of I – and O 2 . The formation of I 2 in these photochemical systems calls into question the interpretations of prior studies that used I – as a counterion for photosensitizer materials. As an example, MS2 bacteriophages were inactivated here by cationic fullerenes with and without I – present, showing that I – moderately accelerated the MS2 deactivation, likely by producing I 2 . Production of I 2 did not appear to be directly correlated with estimates of 1 O 2 concentration, suggesting that the relevant photochemical pathways are more complex than direct reactions between 1 O 2 and I – in the bulk solution. On the basis of the results here, iodine photochemistry may be underappreciated and misunderstood in other environmental systems.

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Molecular iodine in monomer and polymer designing

Cited by 8 publications

References 149 publications

Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: a kinetic study of solution homopolymerization

Radical polymerization of butadiene mediated by molecular iodine: a kinetic study of solution homopolymerization

Reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) of chloroprene

The Overlooked Photochemistry of Iodine in Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerene Derivatives

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