Molecular Junctions: Introduction and Physical Foundations, Nanoelectrical Conductivity and Electronic Structure and Charge Transfer in Organic Molecular Junctions

Jasim, Saade Abdalkareem; Kadhim, Mustafa M.; KN, Venu; Raya, Indah; Shoja, Sarah Jawad; Suksatan, Wanich; Ali, Muneam Hussein; Kianfar, Ehsan

doi:10.1007/s13538-021-01033-z

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…However, with highergeneration (G > G3) amino-terminated dendrimers, the membrane a nity leads to a more destructive interaction with the membrane resulting in cell lysis and high cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The opposite behavior is observed with negatively charged surfaces dendrimers such as carboxylic acid surfaces [229]. These dendrimers do not interact with most cellular surfaces.…”

Section: Dendrimers For Vaccine and Immunostimulatorymentioning

confidence: 91%

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Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

Kianfar

2022

Preprint

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Dendrimers are a new class of branched polymeric materials. They all are originated from a single nucleus and described as macromolecules with a three-dimensional branching structure. Dendrimers exist in the blossoming phase of drug delivery in micro and Nanosystems for local or systemic brain administration. Dendrimers are three-dimensional molecules containing structural symmetry. They include continuously branched molecules comprising a central unit called core along with branching points. In dendrimers, branching points are essential for functioning and deciding branching generations. The more the number of branching points, the more is the generation number. Synthesized dendrimers are classified as polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, polylysine dendrimers, carbosilane dendrimers, and phosphorus-containing dendrimers. Some researchers classify dendrimers as polyatomic and polyionic dendrimers. However, polyanionic dendrimers are preferred because of their less toxicity. Polyamidoamine class of dendrimers is popular and most widely used as a result of their reproducibility, safety, biocompatibility, stability, small size, and precision. They contain tertiary amine branches and alkyl diamine core and are polyatomic. Dendrimer enters the cells like neurons and astrocytes through receptor-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis. The main advantage of dendrimers is their drug-loading ability within the cavities of dendrimers, which acts as the main site of the encapsulation process. They have wide applications in neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebral palsy, AD, PD, prions disease, and also in central nervous system imaging and diagnosis. Cationic phosphorous-containing dendrimers were found to interact with the aggregation of plaques and tangles. It was reported that sialic acid–conjugated dendrimers can inhibit the hyperphosphorylation of tau tangles at a micromolar concentration, which is lower than soluble sialic acid. PPI and G5 polyamidoamine dendrimers show anti-prion activity in neuroblastoma ScN2 cells. It was recently revealed that conjugation of CY5-labeled free activable cell-penetrating peptides to PAMAM dendrimers can differentiate the tumor and adjacent tissues thus increasing tumor resects in a mouse xenograft model. Researchers suggested that the intravenous route of administration effectively penetrates the central nervous system with wide biodistribution for extended therapy. The toxicity of dendrimers markedly depends on factors such as the number of generations, core, and surface properties. Amino-terminated dendrimers were found to be toxic due to the shielding of internal cationic charge by surface modification. To overcome the toxicity of dendrimers, the generation and conjugation with biocompatible groups like Polyethylene glycol is increased. Biologically, dendrimers are highly biocompatible and have predictable biodistribution and cell membrane interacting characteristics determined by their size and surface charge. Dendrimers have optimal characteristics to fill the need for efficient immunostimulating compounds (adjuvants) to increase the efficiency of vaccines. The reason is that dendrimers can provide molecularly defined multivalent scaffolds to produce highly defined conjugates with small-molecule immunostimulators or antigens.

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Section: Dendrimers For Vaccine and Immunostimulatorymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Generations G2 and G3 of positively charged polyamidoamine dendrimers increase enoxaparin uptake by 40%. While in G2.5 Polyamidoamine, which is a half-generation dendrimer and contains negatively charged carboxyl groups, this effect is not seen [59,[229][230][231].…”

Section: Dendrimers In Pulmonary Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

Kianfar

2022

Preprint

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“…Binding of target components to the surface of drug-loaded nanoparticles can improve drug therapeutic efficacy. Chitosan has been widely used as a drug delivery system for low mass drugs, peptides or genes (Jasim et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Biodegradable Nano Polymers -Chitosan Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But common nanoparticles with hydrophobic surfaces are quickly phagocytosed and purified. to extend circulation time and stability within the blood, the surfaces of nanoparticles are modified with various molecules (Jasim et al, 2022b). A coating of hydrophilic polymers forms a cloud of chains on the surface of the particle that repel plasma proteins.…”

Section: Drug Delivery Based On Plga Base Polymer Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nano-antibiotics in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases

Al-Awsi¹,

Alameri

Al-Dhalimy

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, nanotechnology provides an excellent opportunity to treat drug-resistant microbial infections. Numerous antibiotics have been used to inhibit the growth and kill of microbes, but the development of resistance and the emergence of side effects have severely limited the use of these agents. Due to the development of the nanotechnology, nanoparticles are widely used as antimicrobials. Silver and chitosan nanoparticles have antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties, and many studies confirm the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles. Nowadays, the use of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases has developed due to less side effects and also the help of these particles in effective drug delivery to the target tissue. Liposomes are also used as carriers of drug delivery, genes, and modeling of cell membranes in both animals and humans. The ability of these liposomes to encapsulate large amounts of drugs, minimize unwanted side effects, high effectiveness and low toxicity has attracted the interest of researchers. This review article examines recent efforts by researchers to identify and treat infectious diseases using antimicrobial nanoparticles and drug nano-carriers.

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“…However, compared to the nanofiber cathode and the vertical carbon nanotube cathode, the nanofiber has a better result, due to first the nitrogen doping and second the leaf and branch structure, which improves the effective surface and the relationship between oxide and nanofiber. is example shows that the importance of structure is even greater than the type of material used [206][207][208][209][210][211][212].…”

Section: Carbon Nanofiber and Structural Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of High-Energy Density Lithium-Air Battery Technology: Investigating the Effect of Oxides and Nanocatalysts

Suryatna

Raya

Thangavelu

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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In vehicles that require a lot of electricity, such as electric vehicles, it is necessary to use high-energy batteries. Among the developed batteries, the lithium-ion battery has shown better performance. This battery has an energy density of 10 equal to that of a lithium-ion battery and uses air oxygen as the active material of the cathode and anode like a lithium-ion battery made of lithium metal. The cathode used in these batteries must have special properties such as strong catalytic activity and high conductivity, and nanotechnology has greatly helped to improve the materials used in the cathode of lithium-air batteries. The importance of proper catalyst distribution and the relationship between the oxide product and the catalyst and the indirect effect of the ORR catalyst on the OER reaction is not present in the fuel cell. The maximum capacity of lithium-air battery theory using graphene under optimal electron conduction conditions and the experimental maximum obtained for graphene by optimizing the structure geometry, examples of structural engineering using carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes in cathode fabrication with the ability to perform the reaction properly while providing space for lithium oxide placement, are examined. This article describes the mechanism of this battery, and its components are examined. The challenges of using this battery and the application of nanotechnology to solve these challenges are also discussed.

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Molecular Junctions: Introduction and Physical Foundations, Nanoelectrical Conductivity and Electronic Structure and Charge Transfer in Organic Molecular Junctions

Cited by 35 publications

References 87 publications

Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

Application of nano-antibiotics in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases

A Review of High-Energy Density Lithium-Air Battery Technology: Investigating the Effect of Oxides and Nanocatalysts

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