Molecular mechanism and therapy application of necrosis during myocardial injury

Abstract

Necrosis is an ancient topic which gains new attraction in the research area these years. There is no doubt that some necrosis can be regulated by genetic manipulation other than an accidental cell death resulting from physical or chemical stimuli. Recent advances in the molecular mechanism underlying the programmed necrosis show a fine regulation network which indicates new therapy targets in human diseases. Heart diseases seriously endanger our health and have high fatality rates in the patients. Cell death of cardiac myocytes is believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Although necrosis is likely to play a more important role in cardiac cell death than apoptosis, apoptosis has been paid much attention in the past 30 years because it used to be considered as the only form of programmed cell death. However, recent findings of programmed necrosis and the related signalling pathways have broadened our horizon in the field of programmed cell death and promote new pharmacological application in the treatment of heart diseases. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress in these signalling pathways and discuss the pathos‐physiological relevance and therapeutic implication of targeting necrosis in heart diseases treatment.

Protective effect of Barbaloin in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through the regulation of the CNPY2‑PERK pathway

“…Growing evidence from basic and clinical experiments has demonstrated that cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of ischemic cardiomyopathy (12,34). Apoptosis is an important cause of myocardial cell injury and cardiac function decline following MIR (12,35). The results of the present study demonstrated that MIRI increased the levels of myocardial injury markers CK and LDH, and increased the proportion of myocardial cells undergoing apoptosis.…”

Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Apoptosis is the first established programmed cell death and has been studied intensively in the past 2 decades. In addition to the apoptotic cell death, other modes of programed cell death have recently been identified and are demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (Figure 2) [45]. Understanding the roles of different cell death processes in cardiovascular diseases and the underlying signaling pathways will improve the therapeutic strategy.…”

Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuronal injury after spinal cord ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by targeting the CNPY2‐endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling

“…Necrosis is the death of local tissue cells characterized by changes in enzyme solubility. Primary manifestations include cell swelling, organelle disintegration and protein denaturation . Apoptosis is an active death mode of cells that plays an important role in maintaining stability of the internal environment .…”

“…Primary manifestations include cell swelling, organelle disintegration and protein denaturation. 33 Apoptosis is an active death mode of cells that plays an important role in maintaining stability of the internal environment. 34 Morphological characteristics of apoptosis include F I G U R E 5 Effect of Dex on the expression of ERS-dependent apoptotic protein after SCIRI.…”