Molecular mechanisms for anti‐aging by natural dietary compounds

Abstract

Aging is defined as a normal decline in survival with advancing age; however, the recent researches have showed that physiological functions of the body change during the aging process. Majority of the changes are often subject to a higher risk of developing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as the dysregulated immune and inflammatory disorders. Aging process is controlled by a complicated and precise signaling network that involved in energy homeostasis, cellular metabolism and stress resistance. Over the past few decades, research in natural dietary compounds by various organism and animal models provides a new strategy for anti-aging. Natural dietary compounds act through a variety mechanisms to extend lifespan and prevent age-related diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding on signaling pathways of aging and knowledge and underlying mechanism of natural dietary compounds that provide potential application on anti-aging and improve heath in human.

Methods for the discovery of new anti-aging products – targeted approaches

“…During fasting and caloric restrictions, SIRT1 can respond to metabolic condition (like intracellular increase of NAD) to activate many proteins involving in stress resistance, function of mitochondria, metabolism and aging [72]. SIRT1 also enhances DNA repair, cell survival, mitochondrial function and reduces aging inflammatory/ immune responses [73].…”

Telomeres and Reproductive Aging

“…Human telomeres are composed of a short repetitive DNA sequence (TTAGGG) and bound by a six-protein complex known as shelterin. TTAGGG repeat-binding factors (TRF ) 1 and 2, bind to the TTAGGG sequences in double-stranded DNA, and one subunit, proteins for the protection of telomeres (POT1), bind to these sequences in single stranded form (de Lange, 2005;Pan et al, 2011). They are linked by three additional shelterin proteins, TIN2, TPP1, and Rap1, composing a complex called shelterin that enables cells to distinguish telomeres from sites of DNA damage (Fig.1).…”

Protective effects of raw and cooked blackcurrant extract on DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human lymphoblastoid cells

“…Oxidative stress associated with various factors including energy metabolism, exogenous chemicals, and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation is related to a range of diseases, such as carcinogenesis, arteriosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and other lifestyle-related diseases (Gray & Bennett, 2011;Hutcheson & Rocic, 2012;Pan et al, 2012;Tudek & Speina, 2012). In the present study, the antioxidant activity of several types of BCE against DPPH free radicals was evaluated.…”