Molecular mechanisms of physical exercise on depression in the elderly: a systematic review

Sousa, Ricardo Augusto Leoni De; Rocha-Dias, Isabella; Oliveira, Lucas Renan Sena de; Improta-Caria, Alex Cleber; Monteiro-Júnior, Renato Sobral; Cassilhas, Ricardo Cardoso

doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06330-z

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…BDNF is essential for the survival and neuroplasticity of neurons and has positive effects on mental health (Lee et al 2018;De Sousa et al 2021a). BDNF is also associated to the production of Irisin, a myocin produced during physical exercise that is related to maintenance of the cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in humans and other mammals, such as rodents (Wrann et al 2013;De Sousa et al 2021b;Sousa et al 2021). Physical exercise increases serum BDNF levels and platelet numbers in humans (Matthews et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men

et al. 2021

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, which has been associated with poor cognitive outcomes. Participating in regular physical exercise may also improve cognition, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the optimal exercise prescription remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognition, and serum BDNF levels in middle-aged and overweight men. Twenty-five sedentary, overweight men participated in the 8-week training intervention. Subjects were randomized into MICT (n = 12) or HIIT (n = 13) and performed exercise sessions 3x/week for 8-weeks. Cognitive function, and serum BDNF levels were assessed pre-and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Graph Pad Prism 7.0, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive test scores, and BDNF levels in MICT and HIIT groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cognitive function between MICT and HIIT. The present study implicates that 8 weeks of MICT or HIIT may be a very useful non-pharmacological treatment option to improve cognitive function, and BDNF levels in middle-aged overweight men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men

et al. 2021

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“…Additional intervention using physical exercise for patients with depression can effectively relieve depressive symptoms. At present, most of the interventions are 60 min each time and three times a week [29]. However, the overall duration of the intervention in the current study was inconsistent, and the approximate intervention duration was more than 4 weeks and less than 24 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Physical Exercise Ameliorates Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Quality in College Students: Experimental Evidence from Exercise Intensity and Frequency

Yang

Lin

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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Background: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity and exercise frequency on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in college students. Methods: All participants came from a university in northeastern China. All participants were tested for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The research subjects were divided into six groups, namely the low-intensity and low-frequency group (group 1), low-intensity and moderate-frequency group (group 2), low-intensity and high-frequency group (group 3), high-intensity and low-frequency group (group 4), and high-intensity and moderate-frequency group (group 5) and high-intensity and high-frequency group (group 6). The duration of each physical exercise for each group was 1 h. Participants’ exercise intensity was monitored using Polar H10 HR sensors and the Borg RPE scale. The experiment was carried out for a total of 6 weeks. The researchers conducted pre- and post-test scores on the subjects’ anxiety, depression and sleep quality through questionnaires. Results: Exercise intensity improved anxiety and decreased symptoms of depression better than exercise frequency; sleep quality was more closely related to exercise intensity. Conclusion: Exercise intensity and exercise frequency have different effects on anxiety, depression and sleep quality improvement, indicating that exercise intensity and exercise frequency have different effects on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students.

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“…ET constitutes a very strong stimulus to the brain and other organs and brings many beneficial health effects to the whole body on many levels of its organization, from the molecular level, through the cells, to the organs [ 93 ]. Data from numerous studies showed that ET potential protects in neurodegenerative diseases [ 42 , 94 ]. Research reveals that acute and chronic adaptations of exercise training have been related to stimulation of neurogenesis, which is essential for nervous system plasticity [ 43 , 95 ].…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Exercise Training Impact On Bdnf In Healthy and Depressed Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a physiological regulator of BDNF production [ 18 , 37 , 38 ], ET has been revealed as an alternative strategy for the therapy and treatment of patients with disorders of nervous system, including depression [ 39 , 40 ]. Regular practice of ET facilitates everyday life, reduces everyday fatigue, positively influences mood and emotional processes such as anxiety and the feeling of being lost [ 41 ], and is currently recommended as an assessment strategy in the treatment and prevention of depression [ 42 ]. The effects of ET are widely recognized in brain function [ 43 ]; however, the underlying mechanisms by which ET exerts its effects as an antidepressant method are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression—Role of Physical Exercise and Training

Murawska-Ciałowicz

Ciałowicz

Assis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Depression is the most common and devastating psychiatric disorder in the world. Its symptoms, especially during the pandemic, are observed in all age groups. Exercise training (ET) is well known as a non-pharmacological strategy to alleviate clinical depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the biological factors whose expression and secretion are intensified in response to ET. BDNF is also secreted by contracted skeletal muscle that likely exerts para-, auto- and endocrine effects, supporting the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other distant organs/tissues, such as the nervous system. This finding suggests that they communicate and work together to induce improvements on mood, cognition, and learning processes as BDNF is the main player in the neurogenesis, growth, and survival of neurons. Therefore, BDNF has been recognized as a therapeutic factor in clinical depression, especially in response to ET. The underlying mechanisms through which ET impacts depression are varied. The aim of this review was to provide information of the biological markers of depression such as monoamines, tryptophan, endocannabinoids, markers of inflammatory processes (oxidative stress and cytokines) stress and sex hormones and their relationship to BDNF. In addition, we reviewed the effects of ET on BNDF expression and how it impacts depression as well as the potential mechanisms mediating this process, providing a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in depression.

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Molecular mechanisms of physical exercise on depression in the elderly: a systematic review

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men

Physical Exercise Ameliorates Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Quality in College Students: Experimental Evidence from Exercise Intensity and Frequency

BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression—Role of Physical Exercise and Training

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