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Calorie restriction (CR) has been considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to counteract aging-related diseases and improve longevity. This intervention has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases and functional declines related to aging, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and neuroendocrine disorders. However, the effects of CR on cognition show controversial results since its effects vary according to intensity, duration, and the period of CR. This review focuses on the main studies published in the last ten years regarding the consequences of CR on cognition in different neurological diseases and conditions of experimental animals. Also, possible CR mimetics are discussed. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of CR of up to 40 % on cognition when started early in life in non human animals.

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Doutor em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento (UFSC). Pós-Doutor em Gestão do Conhecimento (UFSC). Docente, pesquisado e orientador do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP).