Molecular Pathology of Cancer: The Past, the Present, and the Future

Müllauer, Leonhard

doi:10.3390/jpm11070676

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…In the last two decades, great efforts have been done to fully characterize the molecular profile of tumors through the development of novel and high-sensitive molecular techniques [169,170]. The molecular profiling of tumors has generated a huge amount of bioinformatics data whose interpretation is particularly challenging due to some limitations mainly represented by the different sources of data and the need for sophisticated algorithms for the statistical interpretation and elaboration of records [171].…”

Section: Bioinformatic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer resistance via the downregulation of the tumor suppressors RKIP and PTEN expressions: therapeutic implications

Moghaddam

Vivarelli

Falzone

et al. 2023

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy

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The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been reported to be underexpressed in many cancers and plays a role in the regulation of tumor cells’ survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, hence, a tumor suppressor. RKIP also regulates tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drugs/cells. Likewise, the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, is either mutated, underexpressed, or deleted in many cancers and shares with RKIP its anti-tumor properties and its regulation in resistance. The transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN expressions and their roles in resistance were reviewed. The underlying mechanism of the interrelationship between the signaling expressions of RKIP and PTEN in cancer is not clear. Several pathways are regulated by RKIP and PTEN and the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN is significantly altered in cancers. In addition, RKIP and PTEN play a key role in the regulation of tumor cells response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, molecular and bioinformatic data revealed crosstalk signaling networks that regulate the expressions of both RKIP and PTEN. These crosstalks involved the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/PI3K pathways and the dysregulated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/Snail/Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/RKIP/PTEN loop in many cancers. Furthermore, further bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the correlations (positive or negative) and the prognostic significance of the expressions of RKIP or PTEN in 31 different human cancers. These analyses were not uniform and only revealed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of RKIP and PTEN only in few cancers. These findings demonstrated the existence of signaling cross-talks between RKIP and PTEN and both regulate resistance. Targeting either RKIP or PTEN (alone or in combination with other therapies) may be sufficient to therapeutically inhibit tumor growth and reverse the tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapies.

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Section: Bioinformatic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%