Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera

Bateman, Richard M.; James, Karen E.; Luo, Yan; Lauri, Robert K.; Fulcher, Timothy K; Cribb, Phillip; Chase, Mark W.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcp089

Cited by 52 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…To date, isotopic data are only available for two closely related European Platanthera species (Hapeman & Inoue, 1997;Bateman et al, 2009) and display contrasting results. In one study, P. chlorantha was associated with fungi that were not necessarily ECM, and was autotrophic (Bidartondo et al, 2004), whereas in two studies the dependency on fungal carbon in P. bifolia ranged from 11% (d 13 C values did not significantly differ from autotrophs; Gebauer & Meyer, 2003) to 60% (d 13 C values significantly differed from autotrophs; Tedersoo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mycoheterotrophy In the Genus Plantantheramentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophy of Platanthera minor, an orchid associated with ectomycorrhiza‐forming Ceratobasidiaceae fungi

et al. 2011

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C, d15 N. Summary• We investigated the fungal symbionts and carbon nutrition of a Japanese forest photosynthetic orchid, Platanthera minor, whose ecology suggests a mixotrophic syndrome, that is, a mycorrhizal association with ectomycorrhiza (ECM)-forming fungi and partial exploitation of fungal carbon.• We performed molecular identification of symbionts by PCR amplifications of the fungal ribosomal DNA on hyphal coils extracted from P. minor roots. We tested for a 13 C and 15 N enrichment characteristic of mixotrophic plants. We also tested the ectomycorrhizal abilities of orchid symbionts using a new protocol of direct inoculation of hyphal coils onto roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings.• In phylogenetic analyses, most isolated fungi were close to ECM-forming Ceratobasidiaceae clades previously detected from a few fully heterotrophic orchids or environmental ectomycorrhiza surveys. The direct inoculation of fungal coils of these fungi resulted in ectomycorrhiza formation on P. densiflora seedlings. Stable isotope analyses indicated mixotrophic nutrition of P. minor, with fungal carbon contributing from 50% to 65%.• This is the first evidence of photosynthetic orchids associated with ectomycorrhizal Ceratobasidiaceae taxa, confirming the evolution of mixotrophy in the Orchideae orchid tribe, and of ectomycorrhizal abilities in the Ceratobasidiaceae. Our new ectomycorrhiza formation technique may enhance the study of unculturable orchid mycorrhizal fungi.

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Section: Mycoheterotrophy In the Genus Plantantheramentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophy of Platanthera minor, an orchid associated with ectomycorrhiza‐forming Ceratobasidiaceae fungi

et al. 2011

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“…Platanthera oligantha Turcz. occurs in northern Scandinavia and Arctic Russia; its morphological assignment to Section Lysiella was recently confirmed using DNA evidence (Bateman et al, 2009). In contrast, P. hyperborea (L.) Lindl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The majority of the 150 ITS sequences used for phylogeny reconstruction were inherited from previous studies (Bateman et al, 2009; Bateman et al, 2014; Bateman, James & Rudall, 2012). The samples span four closely related genera, and include representatives of all but one taxonomic section with the genus Platanthera .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Luer, 1975; Sheviak, 2002; Delforge, 2006), but later became informed by the gradual accumulation of molecular systematic data across the genus (Hapeman & Inoue, 1997; Bateman et al, 2003; Bateman et al, 2009). More focused investigations of North American representatives of Section Limnorchis , most notably those pursued by Lisa Wallace, have revealed considerable genetic complexity, driven in part by allopolyploidy (Wallace, 2002; Wallace, 2003; Wallace, 2004; Wallace, 2006; reviewed by Bateman et al, 2009). One of the many significant implications of this work is that most studies of any kind that purport to have involved Platanthera hyperborea may not in fact have done so; rather, most have investigated materials that originated from North America or, less frequently, northeast Asia and are therefore likely to represent segregates of P. hyperborea s.s .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral miniaturisation and autogamy in boreal-arctic plants are epitomised by Iceland’s most frequent orchid,Platanthera hyperborea

Bateman

Sramkó

Rudall

2015

PeerJ

Self Cite

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Background and Aims. This paper concludes our series of publications comparing island and mainland speciation in European butterfly-orchids, by studying the morphology, phylogenetics and reproductive biology of the controversial circum-arctic species Platanthera (Limnorchis) hyperborea—the most frequent of seven Icelandic orchids. We draw particular attention to its phylogenetic placement, remarkable reproductive biology and morphological convergence on other Platanthera lineages through floral miniaturisation.Methods. Five populations of P. hyperborea in southwest Iceland were measured for 33 morphological characters and subjected to detailed multivariate and univariate analyses, supported by light and scanning electron microscopy of selected flowers. Representative samples from six populations were sequenced for nrITS and placed in a taxonomically broader phylogenetic matrix derived from previous studies.Key Results . Section Limnorchis consists of three distinct ITS-delimited clades based on P. stricta, P. sparsifolia–limosa–aquilonis and P. dilatata–hyperborea. Within the latter group, supposed species boundaries overlap; instead, the data indicate a crude stepwise series of ribotypic transitions extending eastward from North America to Iceland. Morphometric data failed to identify any taxonomically meaningful partitions among Icelandic P. hyperborea populations, despite the presence of a distinct and apparently plesiomorphic ribotype at the most glacially influenced habitat sampled. Microscopic study of the flowers revealed several distinguishing features (some not previously reported), including resupinate lateral sepals, toothed bract margins, club-shaped papillae shared by both the interior of the labellar spur and the stigmatic surface, and an exceptionally adhesive stigma that is reliably covered in disaggregated pollen masses prior to anthesis; auricles are absent.Conclusions. Ribotypes suggest that Icelandic P. hyperborea represents the terminus of a migration route that may have begun in East Asia before passing through North America and presumably Greenland. The incohesive pollinia, rapidly desiccating anther locules, weakly developed rostellum, exceptionally adhesive stigma and the close juxtaposition of compact male and female reproductive organs together conspire to cause routine autogamy and frequent cleistogamy, despite the continued production of substantial nectar reservoirs in the spur and consequent ongoing attraction to the flowers of insects, including mosquitoes. When considered in combination with independently derived lineages of Platanthera on the Azorean and Hawaiian archipelagos also bearing small green flowers, our observations show allometric and paedomorphic reductions in flower size as the primary evolutionary driver, but also indicate strong developmental and functional constraints.

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“…The dimensions of the spur, a component playing a key role in attracting specific pollinators, has been in the focus of great attention of botanists, both traditional and evolutionary (e.g. Nilsson 1978;Bateman, Rudall 2006;Bateman, Sexton 2008;Bateman et al 2009). …”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variation of Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) in forest sites of NW Poland

Więcław

Kurnicki

2016

Acta Biologica

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The aim of this study was to check a hypothesis on the morphological variability of the Platanthera chlorantha growing in forests in the north-west of Poland (Dobrzany and Karnieszewice Forestries). Statistical techniques were used to analyse 16 morphological characters determined in 174 flowering specimens. A special attention was paid to the size of the spur and labellum.The following morphological characters showed statistically significant differences: spur, labellum, ovary, bract, lateral sepal, leaves and height of the specimens. The differences are most likely a result of different habitat conditions and the location of the study sites.Zmienność morfologiczna Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) w lasach północno--zachodniej Polski Słowa kluczowe morfologia, zmienność warżki i ostrogi, PCA, Nadleśnictwo Dobrzany i Karnieszewice Streszczenie Badania terenowe przeprowadzono w latach 2011-2012 na obszarze Nadleśnictwa Dobrzany i Karnieszewice (NW Poland). Celem badań było sprawdzenie hipotezy o zmienności morfologicznej podkolana zielonawego (Platanthera chlorantha). Zmierzono 174 okazy i statystycznie przeanalizowano 16 cech morfologicznych; szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wielkość warżki i ostrogi. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że 1) zmienność cech morfologicznych badanych okazów prezentuje poziom niski; 2) cechy morfologiczne, takie jak: wielkość warżki, ostrogi, zalążni, przysadek, płatków bocznych i liści oraz wysokość roślin statystycznie istotnie różnią okazy z badanych stanowiskach; 3) nie ma wyraźnych różnic między wielkością warżki i ostrogi u okazów rosnących w cieniu i w miejscach słonecznych.

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Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Mixotrophy of Platanthera minor, an orchid associated with ectomycorrhiza‐forming Ceratobasidiaceae fungi

Mixotrophy of Platanthera minor, an orchid associated with ectomycorrhiza‐forming Ceratobasidiaceae fungi

Floral miniaturisation and autogamy in boreal-arctic plants are epitomised by Iceland’s most frequent orchid,Platanthera hyperborea

Morphological variation of Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) in forest sites of NW Poland

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