Molecular phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rDNA and ATPase 6 genes

Parasitoids play the positive role in aphids control management by keeping the population of aphids below the economic threshold. The pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae is attacked by several parasitoids which mostly belong to Aphidiinae subfamily. The identification of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids is problematic due to their small size and ambiguous morphological characteristics. The analysis of molecular data of DNA sequences has been suggested as a complementary approach to the classical methods to identify biocontrol agents. In the present study, active parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the pomegranate aphid collected from Razavi Khorasan province were identified using morphological characters and analysis of two gene sequences including COI and 28S. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The identified parasitoids were Binodoxys angelicae, Lysiphlebus fabarum, Ephedrus persicae, and the hyperparasitoids were Syrphophagus aphidivorus, Alloxysta sp. and Pachyneuron sp. We demonstrated that the mitochondrial COI gene was superior for the identification of these insects compared to the nuclear 28S (D2-region) and that it was compatible with morphological studies. This is the first study on molecular identification of the parasitoids and hyperparasitoids on pomegranate aphids in Iran.

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“…(outgroup) were monophyletic. Our results were corresponding with the literature (Smith et al 1999;Sanchis et al 2000;Shi & Chen 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Farrokhzadeh¹,

Moravvej²,

Awal³

et al. 2014

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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“…To find protection against Aphidius colemani was not surprising given that this species is known to be susceptible to another protective symbiont of aphids, Regiella insecticola (Vorburger et al, 2010), and that its congeners A. ervi and A. eadyi are known to be susceptible to H. defensa-conferred protection in the pea aphid (Oliver et al, 2003(Oliver et al, , 2005Ferrari et al, 2004). Aphidius colemani was also the species most closely related and biologically similar to L. fabarum (Kambhampati et al, 2000;Shi & Chen, 2005). The observed strength of protection against Aphidius colemani was nevertheless striking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont‐conferred protection against Hymenopteran parasitoids in aphids: how general is it?

Cayetano

Vorburger

2014

Ecological Entomology

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1. Hosts are often targeted by multiple species of parasites, leading to a confluence of selective pressures on them. In response, hosts may either evolve defences that act very generally, or specific defences against particular parasites. Aphids are attacked by multiple species of endoparasitoid wasps, and there is clear evidence that heritable endosymbionts can confer resistance against some of these wasps. Less clear is how symbiont-conferred resistance in a single host acts against multiple parasitoid species.2. This question was addressed in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli). Unprotected aphids and aphids protected by three different strains of the defensive endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa were exposed to four species of parasitic wasps: the parthenogenetic species Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), which was represented by three different asexual lines, and the sexual species Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Binodoxys angelicae (Halliday), and Aphelinus chaonia (Walker).3. Hamiltonella defensa provided strong protection against L. fabarum and Aphidius colemani, but there was no evidence that H. defensa-infected aphids were more resistant to the other parasitoid species. While Aphidius colemani was virtually unable to parasitise any aphids harbouring H. defensa, there was variation among the three asexual lines of L. fabarum in how susceptible they were to the defence provided by the different symbiont strains, resulting in a significant genotype-by-genotype interaction.4. The present results suggest that symbiosis with H. defensa does not provide aphids with a general defence against parasitoid wasps, possibly because some species have evolved specific counter adaptations or because biological differences preclude the symbiont's effectiveness against these species.

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“…To help future studies, we would like to emphasize that despite persistent efforts, we have failed consistently to amplify two genes potentially useful for the reconstruction of the Agaonidae phylogeny: 16S mtDNA (Whitfield et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2004; Niehuis and Wägele, 2004; Shi and Chen, 2005) and CAD (Desjardins et al., 2007; Linnen and Farrell, 2007; Praz et al., 2008) (list of primers and PCR conditions available on request).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach

et al. 2010

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A phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Chalcidoidea) in their restricted sense, pollinators of Ficus species (Moraceae), is estimated using 4182 nucleotides from six genes, obtained from 101 species representing 19 of the 20 recognized genera, and four outgroups. Data analysed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods demonstrate that Agaonidae are monophyletic and that the previous classification is not supported. Agaonidae are partitioned into four groups: (i) Tetrapus, (ii) Ceratosolen + Kradibia, (iii) some Blastophaga + Wiebesia species, and (iv) all genera associated with monoecious figs and a few Blastophaga and Wiebesia. The latter group is subdivided into subgroups: (i) Pleistodontes, (ii) Blastophaga psenes and neocaledonian Dolichoris, (iii) some Blastophaga and Wiebesia species, and (iv) Platyscapa, all afrotropical genera and all genera associated with section Conosycea. Eleven genera were recovered as monophyletic, six were para-or polyphyletic, and two cannot be tested with our data set. Based on our phylogeny we propose a new classification for the Agaonidae. Two new subfamilies are proposed: Tetrapusiinae for the genus Tetrapus, and Kradibiinae for Ceratosolen + Kradibia. Liporrhopalum is synonymized with Kradibia and the subgenus Valisia of Blastophaga is elevated to generic rank. These changes resulted in 36 new combinations. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of co-speciation between the pollinators and their host species by comparing the two phylogenies.

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Molecular phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rDNA and ATPase 6 genes

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Symbiont‐conferred protection against Hymenopteran parasitoids in aphids: how general is it?

Laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach

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