Molecular phylogeography ofTroglophiluscave crickets (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae): A combination of vicariance and dispersal drove diversification in the East Mediterranean region

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the molecular phylogenetic divergence and historical biogeography of cave crickets belonging to the genus Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from caves in eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia regions.Three mitochondrial DNA genes (COI, 12S rDNA, and 16S rDNA) and two nuclear ones (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) were amplified and partially sequenced to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among most of the known Troglophilus species.Results showed a well-resolved phylogeny with three main clades representing the Balkan, the Anatolian, and the Cycladian-Cretan lineages. Based on Bayesian analyses, we applied a relaxed molecular clock model to estimate the divergence times between these three lineages. Dating estimates indicate that radiation of the ingroup might have been triggered by the opening of the Mid-Aegean trench, while the uplift of the Anatolian Plateau in Turkey and the changes of relief, emergence, and disappearance of orographic and hydrographical barriers in the Balkan Peninsula are potential paleogeographic events responsible for the initial diversification of the genus Troglophilus. A possible biogeographic scenario, reconstructed using S-DIVA with RASP software, suggested that the current distribution of Troglophilus species can be explained by a combination of both dispersal and vicariance events that occurred in particular in the ancestral populations. The radiation of Troglophilus species likely started from the Aegean and proceeded eastward to Anatolia and westward to the Balkan region. Results are additionally compared to those available for Dolichopoda, the only other representative genus of Rhaphidophoridae present in the Mediterranean area. K E Y W O R D S biogeography, cave crickets, divergence times, East Mediterranean, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, phylogeography, Troglophilus

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Alpine Butterfly Parnassius glacialis (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) in China: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

“…The geographic distribution and biodiversity of organisms is strongly influenced by geological events and associated climate variations. Geological events give rise to habitat fragmentation and subsequent spatial restriction of gene flow, a contributing factor in genetic diversification and speciation [1][2][3]. Climate variations are largely responsible for population isolation leading to population divergence [4,5].…”

Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

“…Recent studies affirmed Orthoptera as a marker group for phylogeographic reconstructions and testing speciation processes (Çıplak 2004;Çıplak et al 2010;Korkmaz et al 2014;Allegrucci et al 2017;Chobanov et al 2017;Kaya and Çıplak 2017). The vast diversity of tribus Barbitistini (Ensifera, Tettigoniidae) in the Aegean area (with ca.…”

The genetic differentiation of a cricket (Velarifictorus micado) with two modes of life cycle in East Asia after the middle Pleistocene and the invasion origin of the United States of America

“…A set of 15 specimens comprising 6 other Velarifictorus species and 9 ancient haplotypes of V. micado was employed for the estimation of divergence time (Table 2). A relaxed clock log normal was applied with 1.7% per site per lineage per million years for COI (Allegrucci et al., 2011, 2017; Chobanov et al., 2016; Kaya & Çiplak, 2016; Kiyoshi & Sota, 2006; Papadopoulou et al., 2010; Pons & Vogler, 2005; Shapiro et al., 2006). Divergence time was estimated using a Yule model.…”