Molecular plasma deposited peptides on anodized nanotubular titanium: An osteoblast density study

Abstract

A large amount of work is currently being conducted to design, fabricate, and characterize materials coated or immobilized with bioactive molecules for tissue engineering applications. Here, a novel method, molecular plasma deposition (MPD), is introduced with can efficiently coat materials with numerous bioactive peptides. Specifically, here, RGDS (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine), KRSR (lysine-arginine-serine-arginine), and IKVAV (isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine) were coated on anodized nanotubular titanium using MPD. The anodized nanotubular titanium surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle measurements. Peptide coatings were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and an amine reactive fluorescence molecule, 3-(4 carboxybenzoyl)quinoline 2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA). Electrospray ionization (ESI) was used to confirm peptide integrity. Osteoblast (bone-forming cell) density was determined on the materials of interest. Results confirmed peptide coatings and showed that the MPD RGDS and KRSR coatings on anodized nanotubular titanium increased osteoblast density compared with uncoated substrates and those coated with IKVAV and a control peptide (RGES) after 4 h and 7 days. SEM confirmed differences in the morphology of the attached cells. These results, to the best of our knowledge, are the first reports using MPD to efficiently create peptide coatings to increase osteoblast density on metals commonly used in orthopedics. Since MPD represents a quick, inexpensive, and versatile technique to coat implants with peptides, it should be further studied for numerous implant applications.

Mixed oxide nanotubes in nanomedicine: A dead-end or a bridge to the future?

“…Electrochemical anodization is a process that produces a durable and corrosion-resistant anodic oxide layer on a metal surface that protects the inner bulk metal [ 14 ]. Nanotube coatings by anodization have received increased attention recently, for the manufacturing of orthopedic and dental implants [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ]. Numerous researchers have found that the coating morphology has a great impact on the biocompatibility of metallic implants [ 15 , [42] , [43] , [44] ].…”

The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review

“…KRSR increased osteoblast adhesion and osteogenic gene expression [ 171 , 172 , 177 , 178 ]. Anodized nanotubular titanium coated with KRSR, RGDS (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine) and molecular plasma deposition increased osteoblast density compared with uncoated substrates [ 174 ]. Likewise, KRSR and RGD coated on titanium promoted the greatest osteoblast densities relative to untreated titanium [ 175 ].…”

The use of bioactive peptides to modify materials for bone tissue repair

“…Finally, the peptide-modified material is removed from the chamber, followed by washed and dried. For example, Balasundaram et al [ 120 ] deposited arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS), lysine-arginine-serine-arginine (KRSR), and isoleucinelysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) peptides on the surface of anodized titanium substrate respectively by this method. A high voltage of 20 kV was applied between the substrate and the needle.…”