Molecular Systematics of the Western Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis (Viperidae), with Comments on the Utility of the D-Loop in Phylogenetic Studies of Snakes

Molecular phylogeography of endangered sharp-snouted pitviper (Deinagkistrodon acutus; Reptilia, Viperidae) in Mainland China

“…The complete sequence of ND2 gene of Crotalus enyo (1032 bp) retrieved from GenBank (AY016246, Ashton and de Queiroz, 2001) was selected as another outgroup. Total genomic DNA was extracted from livers according to the phenol/chloroform extraction procedure (Sambrook et al, 1989).…”

“…The ND2 gene region was amplified from the total DNA extracts using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with one primer pair. The forward primer was L4437c (5 0 -CAG CTA AAT AAG CTA TCG GGC CCA TAC C-3 0 ) according to Kumazawa et al (1996) with slight modification, and the reverse primer was tRNA-trpR' (5 0 -GGC TTT GAA GGC TYC TAG TTT-3 0 ) according to Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) with slight modification. The PCR contained approximately 100 ng of template DNA, 1 lL of each primer, 5 lL of 10· reaction buffer, 2 lL dNTPs (each 2.5 mM), and 2.0 U of Taq DNA polymerase in total 50 lL volume.…”

“…Our aims are to examine the population genetic structure of D. actus, present a hypothesis of population dynamics explaining the current distribution, and further develop effective conservation recommendations for this species. The reason that we selected the ND2 gene was based on the finding reported by Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) that the ND2 gene is preferable for examining intraspecific relationships in snakes.…”

Phylogenetic analysis of the king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah in Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

“…ND2 is preferable for examining intraspecific relationships in snakes. CR was also chosen because it is more variable than other regions of the mitochondrial genome [12]. However, CR showed less sequence divergence than the ND2.…”

Filogenia molecular das espécies de Bothrops do grupo neuwiedi(Serpentes, Viperidae)

“…Alguns trabalhos em viperídeos mostraram divergência genética para o cyt b de 4,3%, 5,7% e 6,1% entre B. caribbaeus e B. lanceolatus, grupo atrox e grupo asper, respectivamente (Wüster et al, 2002 Os resultados obtidos para os clados do grupo neuwiedi possuem a mesma ordem de grandeza dos valores encontrados na literatura, também similares àqueles encontrados para outros gêneros de serpentes (1,6% a 6,2%) (Kraus et al, 1996;Ashton & de Queiroz, 2001;Keogh et al, 2001;Wüster et al, 2002b;Parkinson et al, 2002;Rawlings & Donnellan, 2003;Sanders et al, 2006;Fenwick et al, 2009).…”