Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cytochrome c

Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated hybrid optical waveguides for sub-aM fluorescence sensing

“…4c shows a zoomed image of the fluorescence spectrum at a concentration of 2.0 × 10 −19 g ml −1 , indicating that the fluorescence peak can maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio even at such an extremely low concentration. We calculated the association constant of the MIP using the Langmuir adsorption equation, 36,37…”

“…The MIP waveguide has a diameter of approximately 50 μm, and between the waveguide and optical fibre, it forms a tapered structure which is very distinct from that the non-MIP waveguide. 36 This additional taper benefits the coupling loss between the fibre and waveguide and can also increase the robustness of the connection. An SEM image of the cross-section of an MIP-covered hybrid waveguide is shown in Fig.…”

“…4c shows a zoomed image of the fluorescence spectrum at a concentration of 2.0 × 10 −19 g ml −1 , indicating that the fluorescence peak can maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio even at such an extremely low concentration. We calculated the association constant of the MIP using the Langmuir adsorption equation, 36,37 S = K a [Rh B]/(1 + K a [Rh B])where S is the normalized fluorescence signal intensity and K a is the association constant between Rh B and the reception sites (RSs) in the MIP layer. The K a is given as: K a = [Rh B∈RS] MIP /[Rh B] sol × [RS] MIP where Rh B∈RS is the Rh B bound to the RS in the MIP.…”

Cytochrome c in cancer therapy and prognosis

“…Some biosensors are based on cyt c oxidase associated to electrodes, in which electron transfer from cyt c to cyt c oxidase generates or affects electrical currents [ 21 , 22 ] ( Figure 2 A). In another electrochemical biosensor, cyt c fitting into specific recognition nanocavities lowers the electrical current established between an electrolyte solution and a gold electrode [ 23 ]. In other approaches, the specific binding of cyt c to an aptamer [ 24 , 25 ] has been used for detection based on differential pulse voltammetry [ 26 ], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [ 27 ], and fluorescence [ 28 ].…”

Portable self-powered photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on Cu3SnS4 nanoflower for ultra-sensitive and real-time detection of human cytochrome c

“…6 As a result, Cyt c in blood can serve as a biomarker for excessive or insufficient apoptosis occurring in human bodies, 3 which can provide early prevention of cancer and a better understanding to analyze and evaluate the success rate of cancer treatment. 7,8 Multiple technologies have been developed for the smart detection of Cyt c using interferometric reflectance spectroscopy (IRS), 9 surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), 10 electrochemiluminescence, 11 fluorescence immunoassay, 12,13 surface assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS), 14 electrochemical immunoassay, 15,16 and others. 17 For example, Zhang et al developed an unmarked nitrogen-doped carbon dot nanosensor for quantitative measurement of Cyt c release in cell apoptosis via fluorescence activation imaging.…”