Molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction method for the gas chromatographic analysis of organochlorine fungicides in ginseng

Abstract

A highly selective molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous isolation and determination of four organochlorine fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline, methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide, and hexachlorobenzene) in ginseng samples. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer with pentachloronitrobenzene as template was synthesized by precipitation polymerization employing butanone/n‐heptane (6.5:3.5, v/v) solution as porogen. The limit of detection of the method was 0.001 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 0.002 mg/kg. The different spiked levels of ginseng samples were 0.05, 0.5, 2.0 for pentachloronitrobenzene and pentachloroaniline, and 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 for methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide and hexachlorobenzene. The average recoveries of four organochlorine fungicides were 87.6–92.3% of pentachloronitrobenzene, 79.3–95.2% of pentachloroaniline, 80.3–90.4% of methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide, and 83.5–91.7% of hexachlorobenzene, respectively. This new method could be applied to direct determination of four organochlorine fungicides in ginseng samples.

Simultaneous analysis of indaziflam and its metabolites in pitaya using dispersive solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

“…The ME was tested by comparing the slope ratio obtained from matrix‐matched and acetonitrile calibration curves to assess matrix‐induced signal enhancement or suppression. The LODs and LOQs were determined as the concentration of analyte giving S/N ratio of 3 and 10 for the target ion , respectively. The method accuracy and precision were examined via recovery tests: each sample matrix was extracted five times at three spiked levels (0.5, 5 and 50 µg/kg).…”

Imprinting Technology for Effective Sorbent Fabrication: Current State-of-Art and Future Prospects

“…The molecularly imprinted sorbents were utilized in the food analysis for determination of antibiotics such as norfloxacin [121] or cephalexin in pork [122], tetracycline in chicken [123], aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamycin) in various milk samples [124], chloramphenicol in honey [125], zearalenone in wheat [126], estrogens (estrone, estriol, and estragon) in milk [127] or in cucumber, milk powder and grass carp samples [128], sulfonamides such as sulfamethoxazole in milk [129], imidacloprid [130] or kaempherol in apples [131], patulin in apple juice [132], hesperidin in lime juice [133], strobilurin in peach [134], carbendazim in orange [135], dopamine in bananas [136], fenoxycarb in mussels [137], phenylarsonic compounds in chicken and pork samples [138], or organochlorine fungicides in ginseng samples [139], acrylamide in biscuits [140], bisphenoles A [141] as well as F and S (on imprinted commercial sorbent-Affinimip ® ) [142], and quercetin in onion [143]. The imprinted sorbents were also used for selective extraction of plant ingredients, such as rosmarinic acid from Rosmarinus officinalis L. [144], tannins from the barks of Anadenanthera macrocarpa var.…”

Recent advances and applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in solid‐phase extraction for real sample analysis

“…The non‐covalent imprinting with precipitation polymerization was utilized to synthesize several different MIP particles for pharmaceutical samples, such as microbeads, nanopheres and microparticles [137–142]. A novel kind of MIP microparticles was prepared via precipitation polymerization for simultaneous SPE and GC determination of four organochlorine fungicides in ginseng samples, exhibiting increased facility, sensitivity, and cost‐effectiveness compared to traditional analytical methods [137]. Ji et al.…”