Molecularly imprinted voltammetric sensor sensibilized by nitrogen‐vacancy graphitized carbon nitride and Ag‐MWCNTs towards the detection of acetaminophen

Abstract

The overdose of acetaminophen (AP) can cause serious acute liver injury even the irreversible liver necrosis. The quantitative detection of AP is of great significance not only for clinical applications but also for the quantity control of its pharmaceutical formulations. In this paper, a sensitive molecularly imprinted voltammetric sensor towards AP was constructed based on synergistic enhancement of nitrogen-vacancy graphitized carbon nitride (NV-g-C 3 N 4 ) and carboxylated MWCNTs loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag-MWCNTs). The powder X-Ray diffraction spectrum, field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopes, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectrum were used to characterize the composites. The results show that NV-g-C 3 N 4 and Ag-MWCNTs closely embedded each other, forming loose porous hybrid structure by hydrogen bond. The prepared sensor molecular imprinting polymer (MIP)/C 3 N 4 /Ag-CNTs/GCE shows a strong synergistic enhancement of electroanalytical response by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)tests when compared with NV-g-C 3 N 4 /GCE, Ag-CNTs/GCE, and MIP/GCE. Through the optimization of the ratio of monomer and template, electropolymerization cycle, elution cycle, incubation time, and pH, linear ranges of 0.007-5 and 5-100 μM were found with the limit of detection of 2.33 nM by DPV. Moreover, its selectivity towards AP was satisfied when compared with detection towards ascorbic acid, dopamine, and glucose. The recovery range of 96.3%-100.5% was obtained in the spiked human serum and urine samples with the SD below 3.0%. In addition, the prepared sensor shows great detecting robustness with good anti-interference, reproducibility, and stability.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Biomimetic Systems for Sensing Environmental Contaminants, Biomarkers, and Bioimaging Applications

“…The ratio of monomer-template, elution cycle, electro-polymerization cycle, incubation time, and pH was optimized and resulted in linear ranges of 0.007–5 and 5–100 μM with a LOD of 2.33 nM by the DPV method. The recovery ranged from 96.3–100.5% in spiked human urine and serum samples [ 133 ]. A tiotropium bromide (TIO)-imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed to detect TIO in pharmaceutical samples by Cetinkaya et al TIO was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and DPV detection methods.…”

Improved selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers based on the synergistic action of hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction

“…The possible recognition modes between SA-MIPs and DFC are shown in Figure S3. (1) Regarding the hydrogen bond between the carbonyl of MAA and the secondary amine group of DFC, it is not affected by whether the MAA is ionized or not, so the synergistic effect of hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction always exists. (2) For the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl of MAA and the carbonyl group of DFC, if MAA is nonionized, the hydrogen bond will be smoothly formed (Figure S3A,B), while the MAA here is ionized, the hydrogen bonds here cannot be formed (Figure S3C,D).…”

“…Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a kind of artificial bionic receptor with specific recognition sites complementary to template molecules in terms of shape, size, and functional groups. 1,2 Due to their unique synthesis principle, MIPs can selectively recognize and rebind template molecules from mixtures. The recognition ability of MIPs to target molecules mainly comes from the interaction and spatial match of imprinted sites.…”