Molten organic salt phase for gas-liquid chromatography

Pacholec, F.; Butler, Hal T.; Poole, Colin F.

doi:10.1021/ac00249a006

Cited by 98 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Early on, liquid organic salts such as ethylammonium nitrate and ethylpyridinium bromide were used as stationary phases, but they suffered from narrow liquid ranges and poor chromatographic efficiency (22,23). Recently, imidazolium-based RTILs were used as stationary phases, and the retention behavior of various molecules was examined on BMIM-PF 6 and BMIM-Cl (19).…”

Section: Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry

Anderson¹,

Armstrong²,

Wei³

2006

Anal. Chem.

493

326

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oom-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), also known as liquid organic, molten, or fused salts, are a class of nonmolecular ionic solvents with low melting points. The accepted definition of an RTIL is any salt that has a melting point lower than ambient temperature (1). However, "ionic liquid" (IL) is often applied to any compound that has a melting point <100°C. Most common RTILs are composed of unsymmetrically substituted nitrogen-containing cations (e.g., imidazole, pyrrolidine, pyridine) with inorganic anions (e.g., Cl -, PF 6 -, BF 4 -). ILs are also interesting because of their other useful and intriguing physicochemical properties. Wilkes et al. first reported ambient-temperature ILs based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation in 1982 (2). Since then, many ILs containing a variety of cations and anions of different sizes have been synthesized to provide specific characteristics.Over the past few years, research and applications of ILs have expanded tremendously. The initial impetuses for this expansion were organic synthesis and the growth of green chemistry. In this article, we will give an overview of the structure and properties of ILs and describe their expanding use in various applications in separations and chromatography, MS, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Description and propertiesILs have negligible vapor pressures at room temperature, possess a wide range of viscosities, can be custom-synthesized to be miscible or immiscible, often have high stability, and are capable of un-

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Section: Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry

Anderson¹,

Armstrong²,

Wei³

2006

Anal. Chem.

493

326

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1,2 One may count the use of tetraalkylammonium halides with organic diluents for the extraction of metal ions in the 1960s and 1970s 3,4 among such attempts. The number of papers published in this area was limited to a few [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] before room-temperature ionic liquids with moderately hydrophobic anions were introduced in the 1990s; 13,14 since then, however, the research on ionic liquids has been burgeoning, particularly after the turn of the century. More than a dozen review articles dealing with the application of ILs to analytical chemistry have appeared in the last five years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Solubility of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Water in Liquid-Liquid Two-phase Systems for Analytical Chemistry

Kakiuchi

2008

ANAL. SCI.

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Liquid-liquid two-phase systems formed by a hydrophobic ionic liquid and water find several useful ways of application in analytical chemistry. One of the most important properties of such two-phase systems is the mutual solubility of the IL and water. Recent advancements on this subject have been reviewed. The solubility of ionic liquids in water is related to the standard Gibbs energies of the transfer of ions constituting the ionic liquid from the ionic liquid phase to water. Although this single ionic property cannot be measured thermodynamically and also varies from one ionic liquid to another, the standard Gibbs energy of the ion transfer from a polar aprotic solvent, such as nitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane, to water is a convenient measure for it. The solubility of an ionic liquid in water and the electrochemical properties at the interface between the two phases are intimately related with each other.

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“…Currently, the most frequent analytical utility of RTILs has been within the separation sciences, particularly as stationary phases in GLC [17][18][19] or mobile phase additives or run buffer modifiers in capillary separations where they have found merit in improving band broadening, resolution, peak efficiency, separation time, tailing/symmetry, as well as in suppressing the deleterious effects of free silanols [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Given the broad range of solvation-type interactions available to RTILs, GLC has been particularly useful in mapping out the nature, efficiency, and selectivity of solute retentive behavior by RTILs [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic chromatographic characterization of novel pseudo‐phases based on N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium ionic liquid type surfactants

et al. 2006

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MEKC and linear solvation free energy relationships (LSFERs) have been used to characterize the solute distribution between water and self-assemblies formed from ionic liquid type mono-chain cationic surfactants containing a cyclic pyrrolidinium head group. Several features of the solvation environment afforded by these micellar solutions were found to be quite different from that of CTAB, a structurally analogous cationic surfactant with a conventional, acyclic quaternary ammonium head group. None of the LSFER coefficients were found to vary in any systematic way with increasing alkyl chain length for these unique surfactants. Overall, however, these surfactants display different behavior than do all known cationic detergents such as CTAB. In chemical terms, pseudo-phases formed by these N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromides interact more strongly with polar compounds and less strongly with compounds having nonbonding or pi-electrons and are more cohesive compared to the well-studied CTAB.

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Molten organic salt phase for gas-liquid chromatography

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry

Mutual Solubility of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Water in Liquid-Liquid Two-phase Systems for Analytical Chemistry

Electrokinetic chromatographic characterization of novel pseudo‐phases based on N‐alkyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium ionic liquid type surfactants

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