Momordica charantia seed extract exhibits strong anticoagulant effect by specifically interfering in intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and dissolves fibrin clot

Abstract

The current study explores the anticoagulant and fibrin clot-hydrolyzing properties of Momordica charantia seed extract (MCSE). MCSE hydrolyzed casein with the specific activity of 0.780 units/mg per min. Interestingly, it enhanced the clot formation process of citrated human plasma from control 146 to 432 s. In addition, the intravenous injection of MCSE significantly prolonged the bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner from control 150 to more than 800 s, and strengthened its anticoagulant activity. Interestingly, MCSE specifically prolonged the clotting time of only activated partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time, and revealed the participation of MCSE in the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade. Furthermore, MCSE completely hydrolyzed both Aα and Bβ chains of the human fibrinogen and partially hydrolyzed the γ chain. However, it hydrolyzed all the chains (α polymer, α chain, β chain and γ-γ dimmers) of partially cross-linked human fibrin clot. The proteolytic activity followed by the anticoagulant effect of the MCSE was completely abolished by the 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, but iodoacetic acid, EDTA, and ethylene glycol-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid did not. Curiously, MCSE did not hydrolyze any other plasma proteins except the plasma fibrinogen. Moreover, MCSE was devoid of RBC lysis, edema and hemorrhagic properties, suggesting its nontoxic nature. Taken together, MCSE may be a valuable candidate in the treatment of blood clot/thrombotic disorders.

Promising traditional Indian medicinal plants for the management of novel Coronavirus disease: A systematic review

“…The seed extract of Momordica charantia prolonged the clotting time of activated partial thromboplastin time through blood coagulation cascade (Manjappa et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Embelin ribes inhibited malondialdehyde production in platelets and also reduced arteriovenous shunt and stasis induced thrombosis in rats (Jagtap et al, 2012 ). Justicia adhatoda , Momordica charantia , Tinospora cordifolia , and Withania somnifera exhibit significant thrombolytic activity (Ku & Bae, 2014 ; Manjappa et al, 2015 ; Mary et al, 2003 ; Shahriar, 2013 ). Zingiber officinale significantly decreased the serum level of prostaglandin‐E(2) and platelet thromboxane‐B(2) levels (Thomson et al, 2002 ).…”

A simple, cost‐effective, and rapid separation process for the isolation of anticoagulant active fraction from the fruit extract of Momordica charantia: Characterization of bioactive components and anticoagulant mechanism of active fraction in a mouse model

“…The aqueous extract of this fruit is also used by local people as traditional medicine to reduce the hypertension although without any scientific validation. A preliminary study described the anticoagulant and fibrin clot-hydrolyzing properties of M. charantia seed extracts indicating its associated property to reduce the hypertension [10]; nevertheless, bioactive components of the active fraction, mechanism of anticoagulant action, and in vivo efficacy of the active fraction in experimental animals have never been demonstrated. These are the most important prerequisites for the successful commercialization of the herbal medicines.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Momordica Charantia Seed on Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Function

“…Bitter gourd one such Momordica charantia is an important source for several therapeutic efficiency, it is a store house for rich quantity of macro, micro nutrients and secondary metabolites attributed to immense therapeutic applications for instance, it found to exhibit anticancer, antihelmintic, anti malarial, anti viral and cardio protective activities [6][7][8][9] . Recently, studies by Bhagyalakshmi Manjappa, et al, 2014 reported on the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effect ofserine/metalloproteolytic activity from Momordica charantia seed extract 10 . However, the role of Momordica charantia extract on platelet function was least explored.…”