The current study explores the anticoagulant and fibrin clot-hydrolyzing properties of Momordica charantia seed extract (MCSE). MCSE hydrolyzed casein with the specific activity of 0.780 units/mg per min. Interestingly, it enhanced the clot formation process of citrated human plasma from control 146 to 432 s. In addition, the intravenous injection of MCSE significantly prolonged the bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner from control 150 to more than 800 s, and strengthened its anticoagulant activity. Interestingly, MCSE specifically prolonged the clotting time of only activated partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time, and revealed the participation of MCSE in the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade. Furthermore, MCSE completely hydrolyzed both Aα and Bβ chains of the human fibrinogen and partially hydrolyzed the γ chain. However, it hydrolyzed all the chains (α polymer, α chain, β chain and γ-γ dimmers) of partially cross-linked human fibrin clot. The proteolytic activity followed by the anticoagulant effect of the MCSE was completely abolished by the 1,10-phenanthroline and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, but iodoacetic acid, EDTA, and ethylene glycol-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid did not. Curiously, MCSE did not hydrolyze any other plasma proteins except the plasma fibrinogen. Moreover, MCSE was devoid of RBC lysis, edema and hemorrhagic properties, suggesting its nontoxic nature. Taken together, MCSE may be a valuable candidate in the treatment of blood clot/thrombotic disorders.

The present work demonstrates on the comparative studies on Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) Seed on plasma re-calcification time and platelet function. Anticoagulant effect of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Momordica charantia was screened for tests such as plasma recalcification time, platelet aggregation studies and non-toxic property was tested by edema, hemorrhage and indirect hemolytic activities. Aqueous Extract seed (AEMCS) showed strong anticoagulant effect by enhancing the plasma clotting time from control 146s to 432s, while, Ethanol Extract of Momordica charantia Seed (EEMCS) showed weak anticoagulant effect as it enhanced the clotting time from control 146s to 160s. Furthermore, both extracts were analyzed for agonists such as, Collagen, Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine induced platelet aggregation. Curiously, both the extracts were inhibited agonist induced platelet aggregation of Platelet rich plasma (PRP). The percentage of platelet aggregation inhibition for AEMCS was found to be 65%, 50% and 85% respectively for collagen, ADP and epinephrine induced platelet aggregation. However, 19%, 91% and 97% platelet aggregation inhibition for EEMCS on said agonists. In addition, AEMCS and EEMCS both devoid of RBC lysis, edema and hemorrhagic properties, suggesting its nontoxic nature. In conclusion; both aqueous and ethanol extract of Momordica charantia found to exhibit anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities; while, AEMCS showed strong anticoagulant potential with moderate antiplatelet efficiency. On the other hand, EEMCS exhibited strong antiplatelet activity but poor anticoagulation. Hence, it could be promising agent in the management of thrombotic disorders.