Monetary value of disability-adjusted life years lost from all causes in Mauritius in 2019

Musango, Laurent; Nundoochan, Ajoy; Wilder, Philippe Van; Kirigia, Joses Muthuri

doi:10.12688/f1000research.28483.1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The WHO guideline on Identifying the Economic Consequences of Disease and Injury report proposed that health expenditure should not be included in these calculations [29]. Hence, in subsequent studies [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], non-health GDP or net GDP was used to evaluate the economic value of DALYs lost. Non-health GDP is "the component of a country's GDP that excludes total health expenditure."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

Agampodi,

Gunarathna,

Lee

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Leptospirosis, a prevalent zoonotic disease with One Health priority and a disease of poverty, lacks global economic burden estimates. This study aims to determine the global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity. Methodology/principal findings The cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity (referred to as productivity cost hereafter) was estimated by converting the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to leptospirosis to a monetary value using the per capita gross domestic product (GDP). The country-specific DALYs lost were obtained from the global burden of leptospirosis study published previously. Non-health GDP per capita (GDP- per capita health expenditure) was used for the cost conversion of DALYs. Country-specific GDP and health expenditure data were obtained from the World Bank data repositories. Estimates were done using both nominal and international dollars. The estimated global productivity cost of leptospirosis in 2019 was Int$ 29.3 billion, with low and high estimates ranging from Int$ 11.6 billion to 52.3 billion. China (Int$ 4.8 billion), India (Int$ 4.6 billion), Indonesia (Int$ 2.8 billion), Sri Lanka (Int$ 2.1 billion), and the United States (Int$ 1.3 billion) had the highest productivity cost due to leptospirosis. Eight out of 10 countries with the highest burden were in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, lower-middle-income countries had an annual productivity cost of Int$ 13.8 billion, indicating that the disease is poverty-related. Conclusion Although significant, the cost estimate due to loss of productivity is merely a fraction of the overall economic burden of this disease, which also includes other direct, indirect, and intangible costs. The existing partial estimates of the different components of economic cost suggest a profound economic burden that demands the inclusion of leptospirosis in the global health agenda for comprehensive disease control and prevention efforts, including vaccine development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

Agampodi,

Gunarathna,

Lee

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…48 Robinson traces the philosophical origins of the HCA valuation of life. 49 The HCA has been applied in Africa to value human life losses associated with child illnesses, 50 cholera, 51 COVID-19, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]52 diabetes, 53 Ebola virus disease, 54 malaria, 55 maternal disorders, 56 neglected tropical diseases, 57 non-communicable diseases, 58 suicide, 59 and tuberculosis. 60 In the current study, the HCA was applied…”

Section: Social Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]52 The total present value of human life losses associated with in South Africa equals the sum of present values of human life losses in age groups 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years, and 80 years and older. The formula can be expressed as: where: VHL j is the discounted value of human life losses from COVID-19 in j th age group; j=1 is group 0-4 years, 2=5-9 years, 3=10-14 years, 4=15-19 years, 5=20-24 years, 6=25-29 years, 7=30-34 years, 8=35-39 years, 9=40-44 years, 10=45-49 years, 11=50-54 years, 12=55-59 years, 13=60-64 years, 14=65-69 years, 15=70-74 years, 16=75-79 years, and 17=80 years and older; is the total of VHL across the seventeen age groups designated by integers 1 to 17.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in South Africa

Kirigia¹,

Mwabu

Masiye

2022

Journal of Global Health Economics and Policy

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Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to ravage both the health and economy of South Africa. This study estimated the total present value of human life (TPVHL) losses associated with COVID-19 in South Africa. Methods The human capital approach (HCA) was used to value the 101,146 human life losses associated with COVID-19 in South Africa as of 30 May 2022 – assuming South Africa’s average life expectancy of 64.88 years and a 3% discount rate. The TPVHL was the sum of discounted values of human life (VHL) across the 17 age groups. The PVHL for each age group is the product of the sum of discounted years of life lost per person, gross domestic product per capita net of current health expenditure per person, and the number of COVID-19 deaths borne by a specific age group. During sensitivity analysis, the HCA model was reanalysed four times alternately, assuming a 5% discount rate, 10% discount rate, Africa’s highest average life expectancy of 78.76 years (Algeria females), and the world’s highest life expectancy of 88.17 years (Hong Kong females). Results The 101,146 human lives lost had a TPVHL of Int$7,566,656,063, and an average of Int$74,809 per human life lost to COVID-19. Subsequent re-calculation of the model with a 5% and 10% discount rates diminished the TPVHL by Int$1,177,446,403 (15.6%) and Int$2,997,459,371 (39.6%), respectively. Further, a reanalysis of the model with Africa’s highest average life expectancy and the world’s highest life expectancy triggered growth in the TPVHL of Int$8,846,142,813 (116.9%) and Int$15,363,165,669 (203.04%), respectively. Conclusions The average discounted value per human life lost to COVID-19 of Int$74,809 is five-fold the GDP per capita for South Africa in 2022, setting the country back a few years in terms of socio-economic development. Thus, COVID-19 continues to have a significant negative impact on the life and livelihoods of South Africans. The economic evidence complements the human rights case for increased domestic investment into health-related systems to bridge the gaps in coverage of health development-related services.

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Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

Agampodi

Gunarathna

Lee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Leptospirosis, a prevalent zoonotic disease with One Health priority and a disease of poverty, lacks global economic burden estimates. This study aims to determine the global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity. Methodology/Principal Findings The cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity (referred to as productivity cost hereafter) was estimated by converting the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to leptospirosis to a monetary value using the per capita gross domestic product (GDP). The country-specific DALYs lost were obtained from the global burden of leptospirosis study published previously. For the cost conversion of DALYs, non-health GDP per capita (GDP- per capita health expenditure) was used. Country-specific GDP and health expenditure data were obtained from the World Bank data repositories. Estimates were done using both nominal and international dollars. The estimated global productivity cost of leptospirosis in 2019 was Int$ 29.3 billion, with low and high estimates ranging from Int$ 11.6 billion to 52.3 billion. China (Int$ 4.8 billion), India (Int$ 4.6 billion), Indonesia (Int$ 2.8 billion), Sri Lanka (Int$ 2.1 billion), and the United States (Int$ 1.3 billion) had the highest productivity cost due to leptospirosis. Eight out of 10 countries with the highest burden were in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, lower middle-income countries had an annual productivity cost of Int$ 13.8 billion, indicating that the disease is poverty-related. Conclusions Although significant, the cost estimate due to loss of productivity is merely a fraction of the overall economic burden of this disease, which also includes other direct, indirect, and intangible costs. The existing partial estimates of the different components of economic cost suggest a profound economic burden that demands the inclusion of leptospirosis in the global health agenda for comprehensive disease control and prevention efforts, including vaccine development.

show abstract

Monetary value of disability-adjusted life years lost from all causes in Mauritius in 2019

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in South Africa

Global, regional, and country-level cost of leptospirosis due to loss of productivity in humans

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