Monitoring an ionic liquid synthesis with in-situ IR-spectroscopy – The intricacy of solvent effects

The Guerbet Reaction Network – a Ball‐in‐a‐Maze‐Game or: Why Ru‐MACHO‐BH is Poor in Coupling two Ethanol to n‐Butanol

“…Even in the adverse case that this ratio rises to % under experimental conditions, it can be assumed that derived quantities such as rate coefficients are specified with a relative error of 15-20 %. [17] The experiments of aldol condensation and saponification were performed in a well-stirred 100 mL glass beaker. The IR-probe was guided through an enclosure made from aluminium foil and immersed into the reaction mixture.…”

“…That allows a description of the kinetic behavior in detail with a comparably low experimental effort. [16][17][18][19] While the aldol condensation and the saponification can be described with an accurate kinetic model without further ado, the redox subsystems themselves consist of several reaction steps, in particular the hydrogenation of the catalyst. Those single steps cannot be resolved by IR-spectroscopy independently, because the reduced and oxidized catalyst species are not detectable under process conditions.…”

Process analytical technology (PAT) as a versatile tool for real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions

“…Various methods like IR or Raman spectroscopy as well as NMR spectroscopy have already been applied to conventional heat activated reaction networks. [21][22][23] The application of in situ monitoring in photocatalysis is challenging in terms of experimental equipment and the possible interference with the light used to drive the reaction. Recently, Yu et al demonstrated an approach of using probe electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for the monitoring of methylene blue photodegradation over TiO 2 under UV-light irradiation.…”