Monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes

Scollo, Simona; Prestifilippo, Michele; Spata, Gaetano; D’Agostino, Marcello; Coltelli, M.

doi:10.5194/nhess-9-1573-2009

Cited by 109 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Hence, the column height is evaluated in the plane that crosses the volcanic vent and that has the same wind direction as the volcanic plume. This is taken from the daily weather forecasts [42]. Figure 14 shows the calibration of some VIS camera images collected at 09:30, 10:00 and 10:30 UTC.…”

Section: Volcanic Cloud Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

et al. 2016

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Volcanic activity is observed worldwide with a variety of ground and space-based remote sensing instruments, each with advantages and drawbacks. No single system can give a comprehensive description of eruptive activity, and so, a multi-sensor approach is required. This work integrates infrared and microwave volcanic ash retrievals obtained from the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the polar-orbiting Aqua-MODIS and ground-based weather radar. The expected outcomes are improvements in satellite volcanic ash cloud retrieval (altitude, mass, aerosol optical depth and effective radius), the generation of new satellite products (ash concentration and particle number density in the thermal infrared) and better characterization of volcanic eruptions (plume altitude, total ash mass erupted and particle number density from thermal infrared to microwave). This approach is the core of the multi-platform volcanic ash cloud estimation procedure being developed within the European FP7-APhoRISM project. The Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy) volcano lava fountaining event of 23 November 2013 was considered as a test case. The results of the integration show the presence of two volcanic cloud layers at different altitudes. The improvement of the volcanic ash cloud altitude leads to a mean difference between the SEVIRI ash mass estimations, before and after the integration, of about the 30%. Moreover, the percentage of the airborne "fine" ash retrieved from the satellite is estimated to be about 1%-2% of the total ash emitted during the eruption. Finally, all of the estimated parameters (volcanic ash cloud altitude, thickness and total mass) were also validated with ground-based visible camera measurements, HYSPLIT forward trajectories, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite data and tephra deposits.

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Section: Volcanic Cloud Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

et al. 2016

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“…The prompt detection of this kind of activity is crucial, because lava fountains release copious amounts of volcanic ash and gases into the atmosphere, which may threaten aviation (e.g. Scollo et al, 2009). Together with these 18 lava fountains, another 2 significant eruptive episodes also occurred at the new SEC and BN during 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andronico and Lodato, 2005) and explosive activities (ash clouds/fallout and pyroclastic flows; e.g. Scollo et al, 2009;Behncke, 2009). In particular, a fairly wide spectrum of volcanic activities has taken place during the last few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint analysis of infrasound and seismic signals by cross wavelet transform: detection of Mt. Etna explosive activity

Cannata

Montalto

Patané

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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The prompt detection of explosive volcanic activity is crucial since this kind of activity can release copious amounts of volcanic ash and gases into the atmosphere, causing severe dangers to aviation. In this work, we show how the joint analysis of seismic and infrasonic data by wavelet transform coherence (WTC) can be useful to detect explosive activity, significantly enhancing its recognition that is normally done by video cameras and thermal sensors. Indeed, the efficiency of these sensors can be reduced (or inhibited) in the case of poor visibility due to clouds or gas plumes. In particular, we calculated the root mean square (RMS) of seismic and infrasonic signals recorded at Mt. Etna during 2011. This interval was characterised by several episodes of lava fountains, accompanied by lava effusion, and minor strombolian activities. WTC analysis showed significantly high values of coherence between seismic and infrasonic RMS during explosive activity, with infrasonic and seismic series in phase with each other, hence proving to be sensitive to both weak and strong explosive activity. The WTC capability of automatically detecting explosive activity was compared with the potential of detection methods based on fixed thresholds of seismic and infrasonic RMS. Finally, we also calculated the cross correlation function between seismic and infrasonic signals, which showed that the wave types causing such seismo-acoustic relationship are mainly incident seismic and infrasonic waves, likely with a common source

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“…16). The permanent radar at Etna should complement observations from the INGV monitoring network to constrain the inputs of the tephra dispersal models run automatically to perform tephra dispersal forecast (Scollo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Radars Dedicated To Volcano Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanological Applications of Doppler Radars: A Review and Examples from a Transportable Pulse Radar in L-Band

Donnadieu¹

2012

Doppler Radar Observations - Weather Radar, Wind Profiler, Ionospheric Radar, and Other Advanced Applications

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Monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes

Cited by 109 publications

References 57 publications

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

Joint analysis of infrasound and seismic signals by cross wavelet transform: detection of Mt. Etna explosive activity

Volcanological Applications of Doppler Radars: A Review and Examples from a Transportable Pulse Radar in L-Band

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