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Brownfields are typically characterized by enormous amounts of data that include various technologies and disciplines enabling highly detailed and probabilistic models. However, data abundance often puts a threat to evaluation effectivity and to a correct identification of key controlling factors. In the E&P industry, many "sequential" approaches exist for mature field evaluation, where "static" and "dynamic" data are disconnected during the process. The main objective of this paper is to present a new and fully integrated workflow for brownfield re-evaluation and rejuvenation. Our "reversed" Geo-Dynamic Field Modelling (GDFM) relies on simultaneous cross-discipline interaction to guarantee data consistency and is based on a full dynamic/static data coupling at a very early stage. The GDFM workflow reverses key elements of the discipline driven sequential workflow. Production and pressure data analysis comes first, not last. Field diagnosis, identification of flow units, well test re-analysis, petrophysical and geological re-interpretation are combined in cross-disciplines model constraints. These include identification of major field issues, data reliability rankings, uncertainty/certainty and impact analysis, parameter trends etc. Seismic (re−) interpretation acts as the first main integration step, honoring all available data already during horizon and fault mapping. This directly ensures a fully integrated model that – combined with seismic attribute analysis - forms the basis for static reservoir modelling and dynamic simulation. A field example illustrates the benefits of the GDFM: a consistent history match at considerably reduced iteration time while focusing on the key controlling factors. GDFM increases model accuracy and confidence because all data sources are incorporated, honored and cross-discplinary quality controlled early in the process. The applied workflow supports uncertainty/certainty analysis for history matching, enhances the geologic model, improves the reservoir properties distributions and presents a solid base for the dynamic simulation. Though a number of minor iterations between the main work packages are still required, the case study shows that full cycle repetitions between static and dynamic modelling are avoided, which considerably reduces the time requirements of the subsurface re-evaluation and improves remarkably the studiy results.
Brownfields are typically characterized by enormous amounts of data that include various technologies and disciplines enabling highly detailed and probabilistic models. However, data abundance often puts a threat to evaluation effectivity and to a correct identification of key controlling factors. In the E&P industry, many "sequential" approaches exist for mature field evaluation, where "static" and "dynamic" data are disconnected during the process. The main objective of this paper is to present a new and fully integrated workflow for brownfield re-evaluation and rejuvenation. Our "reversed" Geo-Dynamic Field Modelling (GDFM) relies on simultaneous cross-discipline interaction to guarantee data consistency and is based on a full dynamic/static data coupling at a very early stage. The GDFM workflow reverses key elements of the discipline driven sequential workflow. Production and pressure data analysis comes first, not last. Field diagnosis, identification of flow units, well test re-analysis, petrophysical and geological re-interpretation are combined in cross-disciplines model constraints. These include identification of major field issues, data reliability rankings, uncertainty/certainty and impact analysis, parameter trends etc. Seismic (re−) interpretation acts as the first main integration step, honoring all available data already during horizon and fault mapping. This directly ensures a fully integrated model that – combined with seismic attribute analysis - forms the basis for static reservoir modelling and dynamic simulation. A field example illustrates the benefits of the GDFM: a consistent history match at considerably reduced iteration time while focusing on the key controlling factors. GDFM increases model accuracy and confidence because all data sources are incorporated, honored and cross-discplinary quality controlled early in the process. The applied workflow supports uncertainty/certainty analysis for history matching, enhances the geologic model, improves the reservoir properties distributions and presents a solid base for the dynamic simulation. Though a number of minor iterations between the main work packages are still required, the case study shows that full cycle repetitions between static and dynamic modelling are avoided, which considerably reduces the time requirements of the subsurface re-evaluation and improves remarkably the studiy results.
Summary Brownfields in this paper are defined as mature fields where production declined to less than 35–40% of the plateau rate and where primary and secondary reserves have been largely depleted. Big data, high field complexity after a long production history, and slim economic margins are typical brownfield challenges. In the exploration-and-production (E&P) industry, “sequential” field-evaluation approaches (first “static,” then “dynamic”), have proved successful for greenfield development, but often do not achieve satisfying results for brownfields. This paper presents a new work flow for brownfield re-evaluation and rejuvenation. The “reversed” geo-dynamic field modeling (GDFM) rearranges existing elements of reservoir evaluation to obtain a purpose-driven, deterministic reservoir model, which can be quickly translated into development scenarios. The GDFM work flow is novel because (1) it turns upside down the discipline-driven sequential work flow (i.e., starts with the history match) and (2) it uses dynamic data as input to calibrate seismic (re-) interpretation that acts as a main integration step. It combines all available data already during horizon and fault mapping. Field diagnosis, flow-unit identification, well-test reanalysis, and petrophysical and geological interpretations are all combined in a cross-discipline interaction to guarantee data consistency. This directly ensures a fully integrated, “geo-dynamic” model that forms the basis for reservoir modeling. The full dynamic/static data coupling at an early stage is the main strength of the GDFM. It reduces the model complexity, and narrows the uncertainties. Project-execution time is considerably shortened by avoidance of the characteristic full-cycle loop iterations of the sequential approaches. A brownfield example illustrates the benefits of GDFM: a consistent history match with high model accuracy and confidence. In the field example, the GDFM work flow has facilitated a turnover at only 70% of the original time budget. The ongoing drilling has confirmed model validity (“attic oil” predictions), thus further postponing the economic limit of the brownfield.
Field development complexity in today's subsea industry is ever increasing; prospects tend to be smaller while located in deeper waters with deeper well targets, located farther from shore, and in colder regions. As a result, sanctioning projects in the current oil price environment is challenging and adopting efficient field development planning (FDP) processes is critical for project viability. This paper describes a fast-track, collaborative field development process to address these needs. This fast-track field development process has been used with great success on numerous projects worldwide. The paper describes how the process integrates layout development and equipment selection with a fully integrated, holistic fluid flow simulation and establishes an excellent collaboration platform for the development team, fully enabling close interaction between teams that traditionally would not work closely together. The paper demonstrates how experience gathered to date has clearly shown how the fully integrated approach to field development is crucial for the optimal development of the concept and how the result provides the highest return on investment. Subsea production system and subsea umbilical, riser, and flowline specialists now work closely together with reservoir, production, and drilling engineers, ensuring the development of optimal solutions earlier in the FDP process and simultaneously enabling the teams to overcome the challenges that have previously been imposed by the segregation of different technical disciplines. The paper shows how key features of this process enable ultra-rapid scenario generation—a much shorter time from initial layout development to life-of-field production profiles—and how the process can be used to maximize overall economic performance for the project.
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