Monitoring during anaesthesia: techniques and interpretation

Trim, Cynthia M.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.1998.tb00879.x

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The effectiveness of ventilation was evaluated in this study by measurement of P e ′CO 2 and the values indicate that hypercapnia was not present, although measurement of arterial CO 2 tension (PaCO 2 ) would be required to confirm the absence of hypercapnia. End‐tidal CO 2 correlates reasonably well with PaCO 2 in healthy isoflurane‐anesthetized horses receiving controlled ventilation but the difference can be greater in horses with colic (Trim 1998; Koenig et al. 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses – a retrospective clinical evaluation

Hofmeister

Mackey

Trim

2008

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses – a retrospective clinical evaluation

Hofmeister

Mackey

Trim

2008

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…It allowed also identification, treatment or prevention of complications such as airway obstruction and hypoxaemia and problems related to the anaesthetic machine and the connection with the patient. The functional result of pulmonary ventilation can to a certain extent, be noninvasively monitored in horses with other techniques such as pulseoximetry and capnography (Trim 1998). However, correct interpretation of end‐tidal CO 2 values and their change is only possible if the contribution of minute volume of ventilation is recognised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1969; Hall 1972). Therefore, monitoring of ventilation together with other vital functions is an important aspect of anaesthetic management (Halland Clarke 1991; Trim 1998). Spirometry during anaesthesia allows accurate measurement of tidal and minute volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical application of continuous spirometry with a pitot‐based flow meter during equine anaesthesia

Moens

2010

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary This report documents the feasibility and clinical information provided by a new method for spirometric monitoring adapted for equine anaesthesia. Monitoring of ventilatory function was done with continuous spirometry during general anaesthesia of client‐owned horses presented for various diagnostic and surgical procedures. An anaesthetic monitor with a spirometry unit for human anaesthesia was used. To allow the measurement of large tidal volumes, a remodelled larger version of the pitot tube‐ based flow sensor was used. This technology provided reliable spirometric data even during prolonged anaesthesia when water condensation accumulated in the anaesthetic circuit and the sensor. In addition to flow and volume measurement and respiratory gas analysis, the continuous display of flow‐volume and pressure‐volume loops offered visually recognisable information about compliance, airway resistance and integrity of the circuit. Continuous spirometry with this monitoring system was helpful in evaluating the efficacy of spontaneous ventilation, in adjusting intermittent positive pressure ventilation and detecting technical faults in the anaesthetic apparatus and connection with the patient. This adapted spirometry method represents a practical and reliable measuring system for use during equine anaesthesia. The variety of information provides an opportunity to optimise anaesthetic management in this species.

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“…The impact of the gas analyser is most probably due to an increased ability to assess depth of anaesthesia. Frequently the anaesthetic concentrations in the large circuits used for equine anaesthesia are substantially less than the vapouriser settings (Steffey and Howland 1977;Trim 1998). Measurement of inspired and end-tidal anaesthetic concentrations with a gas analyser provides information that can be used to adjust the vapouriser and change anaesthetic depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications associated with anaesthesia for ocular surgery: a retrospective study 1989–1996

Parviainen

Trim

2000

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary This retrospective study was initiated to identify complications of anaesthesia occurring during ocular surgery. Records of 74 horses anaesthetised for eye enucleation, 65 horses anaesthetised for surgery of the eye and adnexa, and 51 horses anaesthetised for splint bone excision were reviewed. Fifty‐three percent of the horses anaesthetised for eye enucleation moved during surgery which was significantly more frequent than in the other groups (P = 0.001). The incidence of moving was significantly reduced by use of an anaesthetic gas analyser for monitoring (P = 0.001). Transient hypertension was measured in 6 horses during removal of the eye. One horse experienced a momentary decrease in heart rate from 36 to 26 beats/min at the start of surgery involving a mass on the third eyelid. The incidence of unsatisfactory recovery from anaesthesia involving multiple attempts to stand was significantly greater after ocular surgery than after splint bone excision (P = 0.036). Our conclusions were 1) the oculocardiac reflex was not active in these horses undergoing ocular surgery, 2) increased attention must be paid to provision of analgesia and adequate depth of anaesthesia, which may be facilitated by use of an anaesthetic gas analyser and 3) horses were at greater risk for unsatisfactory recoveries from anaesthesia after ocular surgery.

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Monitoring during anaesthesia: techniques and interpretation

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses – a retrospective clinical evaluation

Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses – a retrospective clinical evaluation

Clinical application of continuous spirometry with a pitot‐based flow meter during equine anaesthesia

Complications associated with anaesthesia for ocular surgery: a retrospective study 1989–1996

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