Monitoring genetic diversity with new indicators applied to an alpine freshwater top predator

Andersson, Anastasia; Karlsson, Sten; Ryman, Nils; Laikre, Linda

doi:10.1111/mec.16710

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…For all data types, improving metadata standards (minimally to include the location and date of sampling) is imperative (Leigh et al., 2021), and recent advances such as the GEOME database (Deck et al., 2017) are opening the door to more accessible, searchable, and reusable genetic data. The ongoing development of genetic indicators as well as a suite of agreed‐upon genetic “essential biodiversity variables” (Andersson et al., 2022; Hoban et al., 2022), relatively simple metrics that can be comparable across species, means that policy makers can begin to move beyond the IUCN Red List to safeguard genetic diversity in all species.…”

Section: A Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Schmidt

Hoban

Hunter

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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Section: A Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Schmidt

Hoban

Hunter

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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“…We have recently observed such an empirical relationship between estimates of N eV and N eLD in brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) when comparing allele frequencies in natural populations sampled about 40 years apart. However, a detailed analysis of the population structure revealed the existence of multiple populations in the samples, and the conspicuously low estimates of N eLDRx turned into more ‘normal’ ones after adjusting for this previously unrecognized structuring (Andersson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance effective population size is affected by census size in sub‐structured populations

Ryman

Laikre

Hössjer

2023

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Measurement of allele frequency shifts between temporally spaced samples has long been used for assessment of effective population size (Ne), and this ‘temporal method’ provides estimates of Ne referred to as variance effective size (NeV). We show that NeV of a local population that belongs to a sub‐structured population (a metapopulation) is determined not only by genetic drift and migration rate (m), but also by the census size (Nc). The realized NeV of a local population can either increase or decrease with increasing m, depending on the relationship between Ne and Nc in isolation. This is shown by explicit mathematical expressions for the factors affecting NeV derived for an island model of migration. We verify analytical results using high‐resolution computer simulations, and show that the phenomenon is not restricted to the island model migration pattern. The effect of Nc on the realized NeV of a local subpopulation is most pronounced at high migration rates. We show that Nc only affects local NeV, whereas NeV for the metapopulation as a whole, inbreeding (NeI), and linkage disequilibrium (NeLD) effective size are all independent of Nc. Our results provide a possible explanation to the large variation of Ne/Nc ratios reported in the literature, where Ne is frequently estimated by NeV. They are also important for the interpretation of empirical Ne estimates in genetic management where local NeV is often used as a substitute for inbreeding effective size, and we suggest an increased focus on metapopulation NeV as a proxy for NeI.

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“…For example, the “genetic scorecard” assesses genetic diversity threats such as hybridization and low reproduction (Hollingsworth et al., 2020), while another indicator assesses the extent to which geographic ranges are protected in situ or ex situ (Khoury et al., 2019). Additionally, indicators using direct assessments of genomic health based on DNA data are available for some species, and collection of DNA data for species management remains important (van Oosterhout, 2020; Andersson et al, 2022; O'Brien et al, 2022). In the future, genetic indicators could be synthesized together for comprehensive genetic assessment (Frankham, 2022).…”

Section: Roadmapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries

Hoban

Silva

Mastretta‐Yanes

et al. 2023

Conservation Letters.

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Recent scientific evidence shows that genetic diversity must be maintained, managed, and monitored to protect biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Three genetic diversity indicators, two of which do not require DNAbased assessment, have been proposed for reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity and other conservation and policy initiatives. These indicators allow an approximation of the status and trends of genetic diversity to inform policy, using existing demographic and geographic information. Application of these indicators has been initiated and here we describe ongoing efforts in calculating these indicators with examples. We specifically describe a project underway to apply these indicators in nine countries, provide example calculations, address concerns of policy makers and implementation challenges, and describe a roadmap for further development and deployment, incorporating feedback from the broader community. We also present guidance documents and data collection tools for calculating indicators. We demonstrate that Parties can successfully and cost-effectively report these genetic diversity indicators with existing biodiversity observation data, and, in doing so, better conserve the Earth's biodiversity.

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Monitoring genetic diversity with new indicators applied to an alpine freshwater top predator

Cited by 19 publications

References 97 publications

Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Variance effective population size is affected by census size in sub‐structured populations

Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries

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