Monitoring of allethrin, deltamethrin, esbiothrin, prallethrin and transfluthrin in air during the use of household mosquito repellents

Abstract

Three types of mosquito repellent [two different mosquito coils containing allethrin 0.1% w/w and transfluthrin 0.03% w/w, an aerosol sample containing a combination of two pyrethroid molecules (deltamethrin 0.02% w/w + allethrin 0.13% w/w) and two different mosquito mats containing esbiothrin 2.0% w/w and prallethrin 1.5% w/w as active ingredients] were individually subjected to use in a closed room. Air samples from the room were drawn at different time intervals (15, 30 and 45 min, and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) uniformly from three different positions in the room (top, middle and bottom) with the pyrethroid contents analysed using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Analysis of air samples showed maximum concentrations of the pyrethroid residues allethrin (0.0120 ppm), transfluthrin (0.0134 ppm), deltamethrin (0.0057 ppm), allethrin (0.080 ppm), esbiothrin (0.015 ppm) and prallethrin (0.0138 ppm) within 30-45 min of use. The drop in residue content was significant with time. At the end of a 6 h period, most of the residues had dissipated to below 0.0001 ppm. Further significant differences were observed in the residue contents tested at different points within the room. Studies were compared with the experimental results obtained when the mosquito repellents were tested with air circulation in the room.

Pyrethroids in indoor air during application of various mosquito repellents: Occurrence, dissipation and potential exposure risk

“…In the case of the aerosol spray, indoor air concentrations of active ingredient pyrethroids in the current study were much lower than those reported in other studies (Class and Kintrup, 1991;Ramesh and Vijayalakshmi, 2001). The differences in the amount of spray being used and sampling duration after the spray were the likely reasons for the variation in pyrethroid concentrations reported among studies.…”

“…and Kintrup, 1991;Nazimek et al, 2011;Vesin et al, 2013), but were orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations reported by Ramesh and Vijayalakshmi (2001). In the case of the aerosol spray, indoor air concentrations of active ingredient pyrethroids in the current study were much lower than those reported in other studies (Class and Kintrup, 1991;Ramesh and Vijayalakshmi, 2001).…”

Use of the HS-PTR-MS for online measurements of pyrethroids during indoor insecticide treatments

“…Due to the analytical constraints and to the low background levels of pesticides found indoor that require extended time of accumulation, the sampling time typically ranged from more than 1 h up to several days [50][51][52]. Leva et al [47], Berger-Preiss et al [48], and Ramesh and Vijayalakshmi [53] managed to reduce it to <1 h, but for a relatively limited number of measures. In contrast, the measurement frequency drops to one measurement per minute or less with the HS-PTR-MS, potentially for extended periods of measurement time (24 h or more).…”

Resíduos de pesticidas em águas superficiais de área de nascente do Rio São Lourenço-MT: validação de método por extração em fase sólida e cromatografia líquida

“…Pesquisas direcionadas ao entendimento do destino ambiental dessas substâncias e dos efeitos adversos causados a organismos não alvos, como seres humanos, animais e meio ambiente em geral, têm sido intensificadas. Diversos estudos têm evidenciado a ocorrência de resíduos de pesticidas em produtos alimentícios [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] e no meio ambiente, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] especialmente na água. Considerando as dimensões do território brasileiro e o elevado consumo de pesticidas, o número de publicações apresentando resultados indicativos da presença destes compostos em água superficial [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] e subterrânea, 22,26,31,32,34,36,[38][39][40]…”