“…Healthcare-associated pathogenic viruses and bacteria can affect human health significantly, such as coronavirus (COVID-19), 1,2 hepatitis virus, 3,4 influenza virus, 5,6 SARS coronavirus, 7,8 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , 9,10 and have raised considerable global concerns. Pathogenic viruses or bacteria can cause severe health issues, and sometimes lethal risks if the pathogen is not identified in time.…”