Monitoring of Lake Ecosystem Parameter Using Landsat Data (A Case Study: Lake Rawa Pening)

Abstract

Abstract. Most lakes in Indonesia have suffered (decrease in quality) caused by land conversion in the catchment area, soil erosion, and water pollution from agriculture and households. This study utilizes remote sensing data to monitor several parameters used as ecosystem status assessors in accordance with the guidelines of Lake Ecosystem Management provided by the Ministry of Environment. The monitoring was done at Lake Rawa Pening using Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data over the period of 2000-2013. The data standardization was done for sun angle correction and also atmospheric correction by removing dark pixels using histogram adjustment method. RGB color composites (R: NIR + SWIR, G: NIR, B: NIR-RED) were used for water hyacinth identification; thus, the lake water surface area can be delineated. Further samples were collected for water hyacinth and water classification with Maximum Likelihood method. Total Suspended Matter (TSM) by Doxaran model and the water clarity from field measurement was correlated to build water clarity algorithm. The results show that Lake Rawa Pening was deterioting in term of quality during the period of 2000-2013; it can be seen from the dynamic rate of the shrinkage and the expansion of the lake water surface area, the uncontrolled distribution of water hyacinth which it covered 45% of the lake water surface area in 2013, the increased of TSM concentration, and the decreased of water clarity. Most parts of Rawa Pening's water have clarity less than 2.5 m which indicated that the thropic status is hypertrophic class.

Comparison of SWAT-based Ecohydrological Modeling in the Rawa Pening Catchment Area, Indonesia

“…The difficulty of supplying land use statistics is also affected by geographical variables, such as Indonesia's heavy cloud cover (Dimyati et al, 2022). However, Indonesia has a high rate of watershed harm and a decline in public water quality (Trisakti et al, 2017;Pambudi, 2019). The Rawa Pening Catchment Area is one example of a significant Environmental Disaster Risk (Mardiatno et al, 2021).…”

Mechanism of the Rapid Shrinkage of Limboto Lake in Gorontalo, Indonesia

“…Sulawesi island has an especially listed as one of 10 critically endangered lakes in the country and its conservation is a priority for the national sustainable management strategy [33]. The surface extent and depth of the lake were reported as 6000 hectares (ha) and 30 m (m), respectively, in 1930; however, this declined to between 1900 and 3000 ha and 2 and 3 m by 1999 [21] following the invasion of the water hyacinth [34].…”