Monitoring of methylated naphthalenes in sludge-derived pyrogenic carbonaceous materials

Frišták, Vladimír; Laughinghouse, Haywood Dail; Packová, Alena; Graser, Marion; Soja, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.030

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The losses were attributed to the devolatilization of organic compounds and the cleavage of weaker bonds such as -NH, -OH, and -CH3 [17]. These findings agree with our previous studies of sewage sludge [24] and animal residues [15]. Cantrell et al [34]…”

Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Analytic procedure of 16 PAH determination by HPLC has been described in detail in our previous work [6]. The control analysis of 16 EPA PAH in extracts was conducted by GC-MS, as described in our previous study [24].…”

Section: Total and Available Pool Of Pah Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors showed pyrosynthesis as a process of gaseous hydrocarbon radical generation by organic matter cracking under 500 • C. Afterwards, these radicals are able to form larger aromatic structures. Lower treatment temperatures can lead to the formation of aromatic structures as a result of biomass conversion by condensation, aromatization, and carbonization [24]. Zielinska and Oleszczuk [38] discussed the main effect of feedstock composition and individual structure contribution to total PAH content in pyrogenic carbonaceous materials.…”

Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

et al. 2019

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The worldwide boom of biochar and pyrogenic carbonaceous material application as a potential soil additive has brought about not only agricultural benefits such as enhanced crop yield, nutrients supply (P), and soil organic carbon increase, but also, on the other hand, environmental risk of organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and potentially toxic element (PTE) penetration into arable soils. Therefore, our study assessed pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCM) produced from the P-rich feedstocks—chicken manure (CM) and bone meal (BM)—as promising and safe alternatives for inorganic P fertilizers. Pyrogenic materials produced in the process of slow pyrolysis at residence time 2 h, 400 and 500 °C, were characterized by determination of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), elemental analysis of total C, H, N, S scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total content of P, selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and available forms of PTEs and P by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) extractions. CMPCM4, CMPCM5, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were characterized by determination of total 16 US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) PAHs by toluene extraction protocol and available concentrations by Tenax resin approach. Additionally, CMPCM4, CMPCM4, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were tested in earthworm avoidance test with Eisenia foetita and short-term rye-seedling germination test. Obtained results showed decreasing of total carbon in the order of BM > BMPCM4 > BMPCM5 and increasing in the order of CM < CMPCM4 < CMPCM5. Total phosphorus content increased from 56.8 ± 1.7 g kg−1 (BM) to 85.2 ± 4.2 g kg−1 (BMPCM4) to 110.5 ± 7.0 g kg−1 (BMPCM5). In the case of chicken manure-derived pyrogenic materials, total phosphorus content increased in the order of CM (22.9 ± 2.0 g kg−1) < CMPCM4 (37.0 ± 4.5 g kg−1) < CMPCM5 (40.0 ± 3.4 g kg−1). Availability of selected PTEs and P decreased in pyrogenic materials compared to feedstock. Total concentration of ∑16-US-EPA PAHs in BMPCM4 and BMPCM5 was 3.92 mg kg−1; CMPCM4, 7.33 mg kg−1; and CMPCM, 6.69 mg kg−1. The Tenax-available ∑16-PAHs showed concentrations of 0.53 mg kg−1 for BMPCM4, 0.26 mg kg−1 for BMPCM5, 1.13 mg kg−1 for CMPCM4, and 0.35 mg kg−1 for CMPCM5. Total P concentrations determined in rye aboveground tissues showed the highest accumulation ability in the case of CMPCM5 compared to other samples. Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced from chicken manure and bone meal at 400 and 500 °C have the potential to be P slow release fertilizers and may be ecologically safe.

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Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Total and Available Pool Of Pah Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

et al. 2019

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“…Some studies examine PAHs in ash (Enell et al 2008;Silva et al 2015) or sediment (Olivella et al 2006;Kim et al 2011) and others in stream water (Olivella et al 2006), pond water (Vila-Escalé et al 2007), runoff water (Campos et al 2012) or aqueous extracts (Enell et al 2008;Silva et al 2015), meaning concentration and compositional differences are to be expected. It is likely the high to very high PAHs concentrations recorded in the ash studied here would be dramatically reduced if the leachable fraction of the samples were tested, as opposed to total concentrations, therefore making the portion more accessible to interact with aquatic fauna lower (Frišták et al 2019).…”

Section: Pahs Compositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The lack of relationship between high levels of PAHs and toxicity found here and in other studies (Campos et al 2012;Silva et al 2015) raises questions about the bioavailability of PAHs in this context. In an assessment of the methylated PAHs composition of sludge-derived pyrogenic material, Frišták et al (2019) found during pyrolysis methylated aromatics mainly bind to insoluble carbon fractions or get trapped in microporous structures of pyrogenic material and, therefore, are unlikely to be bioavailable and hazardous to freshwater systems. This may be one reason why the PAHs concentrations are not associated with toxicity in D. magna here.…”

Section: Implications For Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna

Harper

Santín

Doerr

et al. 2019

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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It is well established in the world’s fire-prone regions that wildfires can considerably change the hydrological dynamics of freshwater catchments. Limited research, however, has focused on the potential impacts of wildfire ash toxicity on aquatic biota. Here, we assess the chemical composition and toxicity of ash generated from wildfires in six contrasting vegetation types distributed globally (UK grassland, Spanish pine forest, Spanish heathland, USA chaparral, Australian eucalypt forest and Canadian spruce forest). Acute (48h) immobilisation tests were conducted on the extensively studied aquatic macroinvertebrate Daphnia magna, a sensitive indicator of aquatic contaminants. We found significant differences between the chemical composition and toxicity of these ash types. The UK and Spanish ash had no detectable toxicity to Daphnia magna, whereas the Australian eucalypt, USA chaparral and Canadian spruce ash all caused significant toxicity (immobilisation). The principal characteristics of the latter ash types were their high pH, and NO3−, Cl− and conductivity levels. Elevated water-soluble and total concentrations of metals (e.g. Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and As) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not linked to toxicity.

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Membrane Enhanced Bioaccessibility Extraction (MEBE) of hydrophobic soil pollutants – Using a semipermeable membrane for separating desorption medium and acceptor solvent

Cocovi-Solberg

Kellner

Schmidt

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollution

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Monitoring of methylated naphthalenes in sludge-derived pyrogenic carbonaceous materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna

Membrane Enhanced Bioaccessibility Extraction (MEBE) of hydrophobic soil pollutants – Using a semipermeable membrane for separating desorption medium and acceptor solvent

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