Monitoring of pesticide residues in market basket samples of vegetable from Lucknow City, India: QuEChERS method

Abstract

The study was conducted on 20 vegetables including leafy, root, modified stem, and fruity vegetables like bitter gourd, jack fruit, french-bean, onion, colocassia, pointed gourd, capsicum, spinach, potato, fenugreek seeds, carrot, radish, cucumber, beetroot, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, okra, and bottle gourd. Forty-eight pesticides including 13 organochlorines (OCs), 17 organophosphates (OPs), 10 synthetic pyrethriods (SPs), and eight herbicides (H) pesticides were analyzed. A total number of 60 samples, each in triplicates, were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method. The quantification was done by GC-ECD/NPD. The recovery varies from 70.22% to 96.32% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 15%. However the limit of detection ranged from 0.001-0.009 mg kg(-1)for OCs, SPs, OPs, and H, respectively. Twenty-three pesticides were detected from total 48 analyzed pesticides in the samples with the range of 0.005-12.35 mg kg(-1). The detected pesticides were: Σ-HCH, Dicofol, Σ-Endosulfan, Fenpropathrin, Permethrin-II, β-cyfluthrin-II, Fenvalerate-I, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorofenvinfos, Anilophos, and Dimethachlor. In some vegetables like radish, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, and okra, the detected pesticides (Σ-HCH, Permethrin-II, Dichlorvos, and Chlorofenvinfos) were above maximum residues limit (MRL) (PFA 1954). However, in other vegetables the level of pesticide residues was either below detection limit or MRL.

Investigation of Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Various Lake Water in Coimbatore District,Tamilnadu,India

“…In the present study the pH of water samples varied from 7.60 to 8.72. The highest level of pH recorded in Ukkadam Lake was 8.72 which exceed the permissible limits (6.5-8.5).The pH levels in the water in Ukkadam Lake were mostly higher than the previous reports 13 .Dissolved oxygen levels in lakes vary according to their trophic levels, and depletion of DO in water probably is the most frequent result of water pollution 14 . It fluctuates seasonally and also daily with variations in water temperatures mainly due to consumption of DO owing to respiration by aquatic animals, decomposition of organic matter, and various chemical reactions [15][16] .…”

Residue level and dissipation pattern of spiromesifen in cabbage and soil from 2-year field study

“…These pesticides can persist on cabbage for long period of time as they are not affected by the environmental conditions (Abo-El-Seoud et al 1995;Ripley et al 2001). When pesticide residues were monitored on different vegetable crops, the maximum residues were detected in cabbage (Srivastava et al 2011;Lozowicka et al 2012). Therefore, it is essential to study the persistence of pesticide residues on cabbage, whenever it is applied for crop protection.…”

A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based method to measure organophosphorous insecticide, herbicide and non-organophosphorous pesticide in grape and apple samples

“…In India most report concerning on organochlorine pesticide analysis in food samples (Bhanti, Shukla & Taneja 2004;Bhanti & Taneja 2005;Kumari, Kumar & Kathpal 2001;Mandal & Singh 2010;Sharma, Nagpal, Pakade & Katnoria 2010) and few studies have been reported on the measurement of OP pesticides in food samples (Srivastava, Trivedi, Srivastava, Lohani, & Srivastava, 2011).…”